An Examination On How Enlightenment Values And Science Have Impacted The 20th Century Society

An Examination On How Enlightenment Values And Science Have Impacted The 20th Century Society Explain how science and enlightenment values (E values) produce various kinds of social engineering in the 20th century that are designed to produce a better world. The Enlightenment values espoused by the philosophers of the 18th century were a significant shift for Western culture, and guided individuals and governments to carry out both good and bad decisions. The core Enlightenment values were based in freeing humans from the old order, or Acien Regime, using reason and power of human intellect. Kant’s essay â€Å"Was ist Aufklarung?† describes the fundamental principle that â€Å"Enlightenment is man’s emergence from his†¦inability to use [his] understanding without another’s guidance†¦Have the courage to use your own understanding is therefore the motto of the Enlightenment.† The notion that the standard of living and human happiness could improve through greater knowledge and progress fueled Rousseau’s argument for a society based on reason, and a new civil order based on natural law and science. During this period, politics began to focus more on the citizenry and the protection of indi vidual rights through a fair rule of law by democratic process, shown in documents such as the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Declaration of Independence. Such political freedom was hard to come by in the feudalistic system. One proponent of such ideas was John Locke, who argued for democracy, individual liberties, and the eradication of religious authority all opposing the old order of Feudalism and religious rule. Locke also proposed an idea that all Enlightenment thinkers could agree on: liberty is impossible without a guarantee of property, which the state must protect. Locke said that â€Å"the State†¦is a society of men established for the sole purpose of the establishment, preservation, and promotion of their civil interests†¦life, freedom, the possession of external goods, such as are money, land, houses, furniture, and things of that nature.† This is based on the idea that only those owning property can defend and take care of the state. Enlighte nment thinkers hoped that all could own property, an impossible concept in previous centuries where property ownership was limited to certain echelons. The progress of man could come through better policies and a better use of reason through not only political thinking but also science. The â€Å"enlightened† saw science’s potential to improve the standard of living through harnessing nature via industrialization and the liberation of man. Andrew Ure theorized that steam-engines not only employ many workers, but also leave â€Å"thousands of fine arable fields free for the production of food to man, which must have been otherwise allotted to the food of horses.† Through industrialization, man could have a better life and consume more. The rise of science and technology through an increasingly literate population contributed to the downfall of religious authority as they delivered tangible benefits in a manner controllable by humans, unlike religion. Additionally, the availability of technology allowed some to gain more wealth from their property. Science and technology resulted in the success of many industries in countries that adopted Enlightenment values. They were embraced by many â€Å"enlightened† politicians and leaders, as it gained them support from the improved lives. For some, science was a means to better technology and a better standard of living, and for others science was practiced to discover more and advance reason. Charles Darwin fell into this second general category, and while his work became the basis for evolutionary studies it was also perverted by those who turned Darwin’s natural evolutionary theory into â€Å"Social Darwinism.† Simply put, Darwin proposed that members of a species that were more suitable for an environment and responsive to change would more likely succeed and reproduce. Species could evolve through changes in populations, not through individuals, and nature is unable to determine who is fit and who is not. His ideas contradicted the Lamarckian Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics, which state an individual’s changes due to its environment could be passed on to its offspring. Interestingly, both theories of evolution would be used to justify social engineering in the 20th century. Through the Enlightenment and its accompanying values, Europeans produced new standards for humanity through quantifying the presence of democracy, social mobility, and individualism for all. One problem with the Enlightenment and factors for the future manipulation of its ideas was their Eurocentric nature. People, namely Europeans, could use reason and could therefore use it to reform less perfect societies into utopias. Those embracing Enlightenment values considered themselves superior to the â€Å"uncivilized,† and believed that the triumph of Europeans was due to a natural superiority in their political and financial skills, which was thought to be grounded in science. Some elites adopted Lamarck’s theory of evolution to justify their position, since they believed their acquired cultural skills could be passed on to offspring, marking the beginning of population genetics. Enlightenment values implied that humans could control their destiny, and had a right to eart h and its resources. While nature could not determine who was fit, the appropriate combination of reason and science could identify the fit (Europeans) for their protection to produce a superior human being. It was through this thought that the success of science and technology began to be used to legitimize social systems/policies and ideologies. The European superiority in science and technology jumpstarted the carving of empires in Africa and Asia through the mission to â€Å"civilize.† Then Prime Minister of France, Julien Ferry, championed colonial expansion using social Darwinist and Lamarckian ideas when he declared la mission civilisatrice: â€Å"indeed the higher races have a right over the lower races†¦because they have a duty†¦to civilize the inferior races†¦I maintain that European nations acquit themselves with generosity, with grandeur, and with sincerity of this superior civilizing duty.† At the same time, however, it was intended to spread French civilization, and therefore a better life, freedom, and ownership of property. This was the beginning of the twisted application of Enlightenment ideas to legitimize superiority abroad and domestically. The beginning of Enlightenment-fueled superiority complexes came through a mixture of the idea that man could progress through advancements of science and reason, and the idea that only finite resources and property exist. As a population depletes resources and takes property, competition will ensue and only the best adapted will survive and possess the right to the available property. Through an interpretation of Darwinist evolution, it was proposed that all populations have a distribution of characteristics, and some members have exclusive advantages making them an elite, favored group that is adaptable to change. Once a favored group became so distinct, it could no longer breed with the original, now deemed lesser group, and the new group became a higher species. It was through prejudices and the previously mentioned quantifiable Enlightenment traits (i.e. democracy, reason) that Europeans could identify the superior group and use social policies to advance it. One glaring issue w ith Enlightenment values was that the emphasis on celebrating reason led some to classify non-homogenous belief systems (i.e. indigenous beliefs) as irrational, therefore making them illegitimate. A divide materialized as some Europeans thought those who were inferior to them could be civilized through education or colonialism, whereas others saw a lack of successful characteristics as a lack of a qualification to breed. Herbert Spencer, who coined the term â€Å"survival of the fittest,† and strongly supported Social Darwinism said that â€Å"the forces which are working out the great scheme of perfect happiness, taking no account of incident suffering, exterminate such sections of mankind as stand in their way, with the same sternness that they exterminate beasts of prey and herds of useless ruminants,† with a comparison of the inferior to beasts of prey and herds of useless ruminants. From here, the tenets of Nazi and Soviet social engineering emerged. While the Nazi and Soviet political elite had differing views on the definition of a perfect society and what the standard of humanity should be, both used Social Darwinism and Enlightenment values to justify social planning and their respective ideology. The NSADP saw value in Social Darwinism, and the perversion of the Enlightenment values manifested themselves in Nazi ideology as they believed they were applying scientific facts to produce the ÃÅ"bermensch. While the application of the ÃÅ"bermensch in Nazi Germany was racial, the concept of the ÃÅ"bermensch from Nietzsche derived from the Enlightenment struggle to free the population from the old religious order. Nietzsche himself declared â€Å"God is dead. God remains dead,† and the â€Å"ÃÅ"bermensch shall be the meaning of the earth!† Humans now created new values, as the value system given by the religious order was dead. To the Nazis, politics was simply applying science to further the struggle for Lebensra um by removing â€Å"lesser† peoples and repopulating the land with the Aryan ÃÅ"bermensch. Hitler stated that â€Å"this earth is a trophy cup for the industrious man. And this rightly so in the service of natural selection. He who does not possess the force to secure his Lebensraum†¦must step aside and allow stronger peoples to pass him by.† The Nazis manipulated science, in this case, natural selection to justify their ideology and programs of racial superiority. From here, the Nazi eugenics program was born to select favorable characteristics for the ideal Aryan and proliferate those, while deselecting unfavorable ones through the extermination of weaker peoples. Another domestic program following this science was the Lebensborn program, which had â€Å"pure-blooded† Aryan women mate with SS officers to birth Aryan children along with kidnapping Aryan-looking children from occupied countries. The Nazis had a vision of the ÃÅ"bermensch and specifically had an image of what the master race would look like, and sought to create that. On the other end of the political spectrum, the idea of the Soviet man came from the Communist Manifesto, which defined liberation through a proletarian revolution, resulting in the rational allocation of property by the state. Soviet planning revolved around the idea that enlightened people could accelerate transformation of the unenlightened to an enlightened, elite, cooperative race through re-programming as according to Kant â€Å"reason†¦requires trial, practice, and instruction†¦to progress gradually from one stage of insight to the next.† Ideally, communism strives for the equality espoused by Enlightenment thinkers, but Soviet materialism sought to create a definite social group. To achieve these goals, the Soviets used Lamarckian theory (genetics was looked down upon), determining party officials could reprogram a society that could pass down cooperative traits. Lamarckian the ory and evolution was the science used by Stalin to legitimize his policies when he declared the â€Å"Party†¦undergoes a process of metabolism: the old and obsolete passes away, the new and growing lives and develops†¦and leads the cause forward†¦it will merely rid the Party of people who are getting in its way and hindering its progress.† This was attempted through the creation of gulags and the disappearances of noncompliant individuals by the NKVD. This thought that the government could control man to control his destiny is reminiscent of Enlightenment ideals of man’s ability to use reason to reform a more perfect society. Based on A, consider whether or not the 19th and 20th Century actions and policies of little e has actually resulted in the achievement of big E goals in the real world. Is the current world Enlightened in the manner that E principles would have anticipated. If so, how. If not, why not? The current world is both in some ways Enlightened and not as anticipated by Enlightenment values. Indeed, many first-world citizens enjoy liberty to an extent, can own property, have their individual rights protected by law, and are not under religious law. These were impossible under the Ancien Regime. Yes, social security, welfare, and insurance are present now in many societies. Science and technology mostly make life better for individuals in the world through technological and medical advances, and the standard of living has greatly increased since the 18th century. However, it is important to note the significance of â€Å"many first-world citizens† and the word â€Å"mostly.† Enlightenment values envisioned equality for all, and that is very much not the case. The equality gap is massive in the current world, and is growing larger through the very means that guarantee Enlightenment-envisioned rights for some. Citizens here in the U.S. can struggle to own propert y and receive care that improves their standards of living and guarantees their rights. Citizens abroad may not be liberated at all and subject to oppression by the government or an entity that considers itself superior. Similarly, science continues to be abused just as it was in previous centuries to either harm individuals (i.e. weaponization of diseases) or to raise individuals above others. While many live under a society that grants them Enlightenment values, even more live under conditions opposing Enlightenment values. Ultimately Enlightenment values are about the relationship between humans, and as a whole we have not, and may not, fully realize these ideals yet.

Research Strategy Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Research Strategy Paper - Essay Example This would mean that I remain glued to the tasks and actions, and thus devise ways and means through which I remain committed to the cause of managing my time domains. I can learn to manage time well on my hands because this is something that can be acquired through proper research and understanding. If I make an effort to follow the small tasks in small time zones, I believe I can take a giant leap forward. This will be a positive change that will bring in success as I have envisaged for myself in the past and even in the present times. Also I need to determine the extent to which I am ready to adhere to a strict timeline for my own self, as this would require strict vigilance and control, and ask of me to give my very best when it comes to the completion of tasks and adherence to the time zones that I have thus created. It should be noted here that the information for time management can be gathered through Internet and library as well. I can seek the same through different websites and by visiting libraries and accessing books, journals and magazines. I can find out a whole deal of information by visiting these places which are a source of abundant information and detail which is relevant to the domains of time management in essence. I will analyze the validity of my claims as to whether or not I will be doing what I have thought about and how closely I will be following the principle of adhering to the timelines for my own self. This is a very important premise and my perspectives should be very clear because I need to achieve a lot in a short period of time. This is something that comes in an automated fashion but in the beginning shall pose as a point of deterrence because I have to learn how to manage time before actually doing this all on my own. I have been known to collect good information and research on a number of different subjects and topics and hence the reason that I believe success will dawn upon me as I

Corporate and global strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Corporate and global strategy - Essay Example In the first quarter of year 2007, Toyota has been able to sell more number of cars than GM, pushing GM at the second place for the first time (USA Today, 2007). GM is headquartered in Detroit, Michigan and employs about 335,000 people. The brands include Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, GM Daewoo, Holden, Hummer, Opel, Pontiac, Saab, Saturn and Vauxhall. GM recorded revenues worth $192,604 million during the fiscal year ended December 2005. GM also owns equity partnerships in some regional subsidiaries and joint ventures like New United Motor Manufacturing (NUMMI), Suzuki Motor Corporation, Isuzu Motors, Shanghai GM, SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile Company and CAMI Automotive (Datamonitor, 2006). The car market has indeed become very competitive, with major players like GM, Ford, Toyota, Audi, BMW, VW etc. vying for the international market, besides a number of local players in the car market. With technology playing a major role in advancements of the features in a car, ICT helping in making the care more intelligent, marketing communication techniques have started playing a major role in convincing the customer. General Motors has also outlined plans for ICT needs of its cares and the company has signed deals worth $15bn (Â £8.5bn) for the next five years with IBM, HP, EDS, Capgemini, Compuware Covisint and Wipro (Brown, 2006). General Motors has also unveiled E-Flex electric architecture, configured with GMs newest, most efficient hydrogen fuel cell system to date, at the recently held Shanghai Auto Show (GM, 2007). Company believes that the fuel cell technology has the potential to be a competitive alternative to the internal combustion engine - in size, performance, du rability and cost. Internationalization provides an opportunity for the company to plan out moves for a wider spectrum of customer base. Strategic decisions are concerned with the issue of setting a direction for the

Desert Food Web Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Desert Food Web - Assignment Example Plants such as brittlebushes, creosote bush, bur sage, catclaw, mesquite, rabbit brushes, lyceums, and jujube are abundant in deserts and these are the primary producers in this biome. The primary consumers include rabbits, kangaroo rats, grasshoppers, and ants, etc. The secondary consumers include lizards, snakes, and birds such as burrowing owls and mammals such as bats (craigmarlatt.com). Further, the energy passes on to the tertiary consumers such as the mountain lion, hawks, coyote and the scavengers. In recent decades, human impact on most of the biomes is well recorded. Even with the extreme climatic conditions, today desert dwellers make up about one percent of the world population. As a result of this, there is exploitation of several natural resources and even extinction of species. Human interferences can be seen in the form of agricultural activities, construction, oil and mineral exploitation, roads and transportation, etc. Agriculture demands water supply and the digging of wells has caused the groundwater table to drop in several desert regions. Oil and minerals exploitation takes several million years for its replenishment. There are hardly any regions of the world where humans have not made any changes or human impact is not visible. Desert landscapes have also been changed such as way that desert has turned green with the farmers using irrigation from underground sources as well as rivers. Inland waterways and pipes fetch water from remote rivers to these farms and the manmade vegetation is making use of the abundant mineral source for growth. Further, the oil and mining business support the construction of roads and infrastructures development. Residential apartments for workers and staffs and the air pollution through vehicles have also increased tremendously. Together with the agricultural activities, the increased grazing also posed a threat to the natural desert biomes.  

How To Build And Maintain Stakeholder Relationships Management Essay

How To Build And Maintain Stakeholder Relationships Management Essay Organizations change constantly, a projects stakeholder set will change as stakeholder change roles within the organization, move into different roles or leave the organization to take up roles in other organizations. For whatever reason, the ability of individual stakeholder to influence the project may increase or decrease. Most project management methodologies define ways to identify project stakeholder, and then base their entire communications strategies on this initial, and only, identification. Many projects fail because stakeholders do not continue to support the vision or objectives of the project. In many cases this is because the team does not recognize changes in the relative power or position of key stakeholder and fails to make appropriate adjustments in their stakeholder management activities. This study reported upon in this paper is focused on support for project managers in building and maintaining relationships with project stakeholder. This is accomplished through using a practical methodology that allows the project team to identify and priorities the projects stakeholder and then stakeholders needs of the project to develop an appropriate relationship management strategy. The underlying assumption for this research is the stakeholder management is extremely difficult, the project manager and his/her project team members must identify, engage and sustain relationships with a diverse set of groups and individuals (including themselves) who can impact the project in many ways. HOW TO BUILD AND MAINTAIN STAKEHOLDER RELATIONSHIPS GOTTA QUIRK (1999 2012): Communication and trust is the main source for creating a lasting relationship between stakeholders. Through effective communications and building trusting relationships, organizations should be committed to ensure that all stakeholders are involved in shaping the decisions of organizations in a meaningful manner. The commitment to actively build and maintain long-term relationships with stakeholders is based on two fundamental guiding principles communication and trust.   These two principles shape the development of stakeholder relations philosophy which includes: ENMAX Corporation (2012): Encouraging stakeholder participation in the decision-making process Providing timely information Open, and honest communication Listening to stakeholder concerns Respecting diverse opinions Seeking mutually beneficial solutions Learning from each other Moreover, stakeholder relationships that are unmanaged or mismanaged have a number of less than favorable consequences for companies. These include unnecessary expenses, and a lack of buy-in to processes and initiatives aimed at transforming the company. However, stakeholder management is a difficult undertaking for organizations because it requires investment and commitment to a long term structured process. While there are a number of efficient information management tools available through marketing, it is important to start with the big picture who are we going to be speaking to and how? BY IDENTIFYING THE STAKEHOLDERS Particularly in larger organizations, this process is a critical one because the network of stakeholders with an investment or interest in a business is broader than we would originally have imagined. Consider that likely stakeholders include the board, management, other employees, customers, suppliers and the community within which we operate. It is important when making this list that we gather and collate as much information as possible about the individuals and groups on it. This will enable us to start thinking through appropriate and targeted communication with them. BY PRIORITIZING THE STAKEHOLDER However noble our intentions regarding stakeholder relationship management are, there unfortunately have to be some individuals and group whos needs are more important and who require prioritization if we intend maintaining their support. While this sucks for the interns, the chairman of organizational board will be pleased to know that you have his best interests at heart. Prioritizing begins with segmenting a list into groups and then listing them in order of importance. This process needs to be completed with the organizational goals and the level of stakeholder information in mind. Ultimately, this will ensure personalization and consistency across communication channels at a later point in the process. BY UNDERSTANDING THEIR NEEDS Stakeholders require consistent and regular communication and service. However, their individual distinctiveness requires that this communication be personalized and targeted. This is difficult enough in the corner store but is universally impossible across larger organizations; the number of individuals is just too great. The next thing is to understand each group. A key part of this is to know what information they have, how accurate it is, how it aligns with the organizational goals and what information they need. This should align with the process of prioritization, with the groups at the bottom needing the least amount of information and the groups at the top needing the most. BY BUILDING TRUSTIN RELATIONSHIPS Collaborative partnerships depend on trust. Partners must communicate effectively and resolve conflicts, especially about sensitive issues like distribution of rewards and the involvement of host organizations the in laws. As in any relationship, attention must be given to renewing the relationship and sustaining the commitment of the partners by building and maintaining support of the parent organization, evaluating progress and celebrating success. BY ENCOURAGING THE STAKEHOLDERS This is the act of giving someone support, confidence, or hope that it is well even though they do not see it. When we encourage our stakeholders, it makes them feel the company do have plans for them and that would make them hold on. BY SATISFYING THE STAKEHOLDERS Satisfaction is important in maintaining a good relationship because when one is not satisfied, they would always look for a place where they would be satisfied. Even the study of economics makes us to understand that man is insatiable. So as a company, lets look for a way to satisfy the stakeholders needs. BY ENGAGING WITH THE STAKEHOLDERS Now the easy part is over and you actually have to find an innovative and efficient manner in which to communicate with these stakeholders. Whatever tactics you use, it is helpful to have a communication plan in place so that the process runs smoothly without negatively impacting on productivity. Using a collaborative software package could be the answer, particularly if you want to keep a specific group up to date about a specific project. Regular status reports are useful and email newsletters are very effective for those individuals who are not privy to sensitive information. Going one step further, these can be divided into an internal and an external newsletter; the first being only for staff and the second for clients and interested parties. For small groups and occasionally large ones, meetings are a good way to get a message across and invite buy in and feedback. Remember that in order to be effective, this engagement should be two-way. Stakeholders need a forum to air concer ns and grievances while having the comfort of knowing they will get a response. Neglecting this element of communication is bound to undermine the ultimate goals of your organization. Regardless of tactics though, the important part of this aspect of the process is to understand and manage stakeholder expectations. The stakeholders need to know when to expect communication and what sort of communication to expect. MONITORING THE ENGAGEMENT EFFORTS There is little point in engagement with the stakeholders if it is perceived to be token or ineffectual. While its admirable that you are trying, this lack of efficacy is not going to encourage buy-in and may undermine your company, particularly if the negativity spreads. It is thus important to track and monitor your efforts and gauge the response to them. Speak to individuals directly, encourage feedback and through email tracking assess whether people are reading the information that are been disseminated. Tweak your efforts accordingly. Part of this is keeping a finger on the pulse of the companys reputation which is also important. Conduct surveys if necessary and establish who thinks what and why. Knowing what the perception is will go a long way toward finding the necessary means to turn it around. ISSUES THAT MAY AFFECT STAKEHOLDER RELATIONSHIPS AND THE POSSIBLE AREAS OF CONFLICT CIM (1998): The issues that may affect relationships are likewise the same as the areas of conflict, and this is certainly the opposite of the factors that builds relationship. For example, when a stakeholders interest in an organization is different from that of other stakeholders group, this may affect the relationship between stakeholders or cause conflict to an extent. Another example is trust, when there is no trust in an organization; it could also affect a relationship or cause conflict. Also consider when there is no: Control mutuality (think mutual control) the degree to which parties agree on who has the rightful power to influence one another. Trust one partys level of confidence in and willingness to open ones self to the other party. Commitment The extent to which each party believes and feels that the relationship is worth spending energy to maintain and promote. Satisfaction The extent to which each party feels favorably toward the other because positive expectations about the relationship are reinforced. Exchange relationships In an exchange relationship, one party gives benefits to the other only because the other has provided benefits in the past or is expected to do so in the future. Communal relationships In a communal relationship, both parties provide benefits to the other because they are concerned for the welfare of the other even if they get nothing in return. STRENGTHENING AND RESOLVING CONFLICT IN RELATIONSHIPS ASSESS THE STRENGTH OF THE RELATIONSHIP The first thing is to survey the stakeholder group using some variant of the questionnaire, this will reveal how weak or strong the relationship is and where it is weak or strong. For example, in one project I did, we learned the organization had excellent scores with all stakeholder groups on all but one of these six factors. So improving stakeholder relationships in that case was a matter of focusing on that one factor. BUILD STAKEHOLDERS TRUST IN THE ORGANIZATION Consistently treat stakeholders fairly. Whenever the organization makes important decisions take stakeholder opinions into account and otherwise demonstrate concern for stakeholders. Keep organizational promises. Demonstrate competence by doing what was proposed.   PAY ATTENTION AND RESPOND TO WHAT STAKEHOLDERS SAY AND DO Demonstrate the belief that stakeholder opinions are legitimate by responding to them. Give stakeholders a say in the organizations decision-making process, especially in those areas that affect the stakeholder group. DEMONSTRATE COMMITMENT TO STAKEHOLDERS Show stakeholders that the organization wants to maintain a long-term relationship with them. Engage stakeholders to build loyalty to the organization. SATISFY STAKEHOLDERS Identify and enhance the ways stakeholders benefit from their association with the organization. Make interacting with the organization a delightful experience. Make stakeholders feel they are important to the organization. MOVE BEYOND AN EXCHANGE RELATIONSHIP TO A COMMUNAL RELATIONSHIP As noted above, exchange relationships are those in which two parties in a relationship expect a benefit in return for a benefit tit for tat. These relationships are the basis of most for-profit businesses. That is, a customer expects a certain quality product in exchange for the money he/she spends, and the organization expects the money in return for the product. Employees expect pay, benefits and a sense of fulfillment and organizations expect work and engagement.   A communal relationship goes beyond that. One party in the relationship believes the other will give benefits with no expectation of a return. An example of this is corporate social responsibility programs, such as when a bank goes beyond the basic business exchange to give back to the community by supporting programs that benefit neighborhoods.  Some argue that this corporate giving is not really selfless in that the organization expects good will in return for the benefit it bestows on the community. And this may be. Nevertheless, when a stakeholder believes an organization helps people without expecting anything in return, the relationship is at a different level than if the stakeholder believes the organization only trades benefit for benefit. THE IMPORTANCE OF MONITORING AND REVIEWING DIY Committee Guide (2012) Both research and common sense support the notion that we need to monitor the performance of stakeholder on an ongoing basis. If we are ever to know how we are doing, the management committee should use reports against its annual operational plans to review progress towards meeting the strategic aims and objectives. Therefore, they must ensure that whoever is doing the work is keeping appropriate records so that progress can be assessed. This will involve, at the implementation stage of the plan, being clear what systems and structures are required. The things you decide to measure will give an indication of how well youre doing, hence, the name indication or performance measures. Before completing your plan, you need to agree how and when it will be monitored and reviewed and what information the Management Committee needs to receive in order to review progress. When reviewing progress towards achieving the strategic aims and objectives, the Management Committee should: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ensure that activities are kept within the parameters of the agreed strategic aims and objectives; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ensure that activities are consistent with organizations vision, mission and values; and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢keep under review internal and external changes which may require changes to the organizations strategy or affect their ability to achieve their objectives. GETTING FEEDBACKS The quality of a partnership can be analyzed by getting feedback from the stakeholders through questionnaires or interviews CONCLUSION In closing, Id like to re-emphasize the importance of assessing the strength of the relationship at the outset. That there are six factors to manage when building relationships is a great insight. But to manage we must be able to measure. This tells us not only where to focus our efforts but also whether we have succeeded.

The Creek Indians :: American America History

The Creek Indians Location and Background The early English traders gave the Creek native Americans their name because they usually built their villages on or near creeks or rivers. If they were to still have their villages it would include areas of Northern Florida and Eastern Louisiana and Southern Tennessee. The majority of the villages were located along the banks of the Coosa, Tallaposa, Flint, Ocmulgee, and Chattachoochee rivers. The native word for the most powerful band of Creeks was the "Muskogees". The Creek native Americans were the most powerful and widespread tribe of the Southeast culture area. It was also thought that the Creeks were long lost ancestors of the Mound Builders. Villages "The Chief of The Creek village or tribe was called an amirco, but he was not the absolute ruler." His job in the village included making important decisions.Once he made a decision many town criers would go out to announce the it to other tribes within the Creek. The Creeks were agricultural, but war like. The number of Creeks at one time was 30,000. The villages were separated into two red and white. Red towns had warriors who launched raids far and wide for purposes of honor and revenge. Red Creeks usually held war dances often to protect them selves in battle. Within the white towns lived most of the peace makers who kept track of alliances and gave sanctuary to refugees or poor people. White Creeks held ceremonies such as the signing of treaties or alliances. Each village had a town square at its center with seats where spectators could sit.The town square was used for ceremonies and games. Each village had a circular town house with clay walls and a cone shaped bark roof about 25 feet high. This was a ceremonial lodge and was also used for shelter for the homeless. Some town houses were smaller with a slanted bark roof only about 10 feet high. The most common house had a slanted bark roof with the roof about 7 feet high these were used for individual families, it held about, four to five people in it.. Each family had a summer and winter house both were packed with mud. The summer house was often used as a guest house for when visitors came to visit. They also owned their own granary which was half open and they also had a warehouse which was open on all four sides similar to a chickee.

Study on Ht Dna

A PROJECT REPORT ON PROFILE STUDY ON DNA/HT’S EXCLUSIVE READERS. AT Bennett, Coleman & Co Ltd. The Times of India BY SAAD BHATI ROLL NO-P11014 PGDBM 3RD SEMISTER FOR POST GRADUATION DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT- MARKETING BATCH 2011-2013 CENTRE FOR MANAGEMENT – PGBDM BANDRA, MUMBAI – 400050 DECLARATION I Saad Bhati student of PGDBM – Marketing (Semester II) at Centre for Management hereby declare that this Project entitled â€Å"PROFILE STUDY ON DNA/HT’S EXCLUSIVE READERS†. has been carried out by me under the guidance of Mr. .Roque rodrigues and Ms krupal Valia as per the norms prescribed by the University .And that I have not engaged in plagiarism of any kind from published / non published works. I further declare that the information presented in this project is true and original to the best of my knowledge. DATE: PLACE: Mumbai ( SAAD BHATI ) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT With deep satisfaction and immense pleasure I am presenting this report on †Å"PROFILE STUDY ON DNA/HT’S EXCLUSIVE READERS†. This survey process could not have been successful without the motivation provided by the employees at Times of India, Mumbai CST office. It is my proud privilege to have got an pportunity to work with an esteemed organization like Times of India. The encouraging work environment and culture has enabled my learning. They were always ready to provide constant support and give their intellectual inputs to guide me through this enriching endeavor. I would like to thank them for the keen interest they have taken in clarifying all the concepts and the underlying fundamentals. At the onset I would like to express deep heartfelt gratitude to Mr. Vikesh Walia (Vice President TOI) for giving me an opportunity to work on this project in Times of India.I would like to thank Mr. Sunil Gore (Associate Vice President TOI) for providing me with suggestions and help when required. I devote my special and sincere thanks to Mr Roque Rodrigu es & Ms Krupal Valia for providing me the guidance and valuable advice, without whose constant support and feedback this project would have been a mere idea without a form or content. I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the TOI staff, Mumbai CST office who helped me by giving the moral support to accomplish the project successfully. I extend my sincere thanks to Prof.Neelam Mathur (Mentor), all the faculty members whose guidelines helped me in the completion of this report. Last but not least I would like to thank all those who were involved directly or indirectly in the completion of the project. Working at Times of India has been the most pleasurable experience and has also been a great learning experience. Thank You CERTIFICATE TABLE OF CONTENTS Sr. No. | TOPIC| Page No. | | Acknowledgement| | | Contents| | | Executive Summary| | | Introduction| | | Industry Profile| | | Company Profile| | | History| | | Objective Of The Project| | | Research Methodology| | Analysis & Interpretation| | | Findings| | | Conclusion| | | Recommendations| | | Annexure| | | Bibliography| | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The project deals with the profiles of readers of Hindustan times and DNA . To understand the psyche of DNA and HT’s exclusive readers. The project focuses on the class of HT / DNA’s reader’s & their reading habits. The project also helps us to understand why they are subscribing to HT/DNA. It also helps us know the reason for which the subscribers are switching over to other newspapers like and what plan of action should be undertaken to compete in the newspaper industry.The research design implemented in this project is – (a) Research Approach – Exploratory Research. (b) Sampling Method – Non-Probability Sampling. (c) Sample Size – 200 responses of English newspaper readers in Mumbai, of which 100 are DNA readers & 100 are HT readers. (d) Research Methodology – Interview person on one to one basis using st ructured questionnaire. INTRODUCTION Every person normally starts his day by reading the Newspaper in the morning. In these modern days; instead of having many other options like 24Ãâ€"7 News Channels, Online news, Mobile updates etc.The importance of the newspaper is not yet changed in the life of people. Newspaper always treated as most reliable, analytical, trusted news source but definitely the content of the newspaper has been changed over the period of time. Generally newspaper reading habit in the house starts with the traditional family newspaper. The perception of the reader about newspaper start from writing style, editorial, layout, feel of the newspaper & convenience of reading etc. It does make people to resistant to change their newspaper brand from one to another unlike FMCG product or to replace it with the electronic news.Its take years to cultivate a newspaper brand in to the family. Most of the time the family newspaper or 1st choice newspaper of the family is th e regional newspaper Marathi, Hindi, Gujarati etc. Secondly is the English newspaper. The 1st and the 2nd choice of newspaper normally reflect into their socio economic status. English is an international language. Everybody not only in India but also throughout the world wants to cope with English language. Mumbai, being a metropolitan city & the financial capital of India.Analyst says that, majority people read English in Mumbai but only a few of that majority buy English newsprint of any kind. This study put lights of many of the facts & figures. Today morning’s newspaper publishing is a competitive and became a very complex market. The morning newspapers compete with each other and with other media such as TV, radio, the internet and other on-line services. In order to be competitive in the media landscape of today, morning newspapers need to improve the production and the distribution of newspapers as well as other processes within the newspaper companies.This study has been undertaken to understand the newspaper industry majorly concentrating on Mumbai region analyzing the Three major market players; The Times of India, Hindustan Times & DNA INDUSTRY PROFILE There are varieties of News papers available in Mumbai in all languages like English and Local Languages like Hindi, Marathi, Urdu, Malayalam, Tamil, Gujarati for Daily Samachar and news Updates which are available at lots of News paper stalls and Railway Book store around Mumbai Costing at around 2 to 3 rupees each depend on their cost.You can read all type of news like Political news, Local news, Financial and Economical updates like Rate of Gold, Silver and International Currency rates etc. List of English Newspapers: The Times of India, Economic Times, Financial Express, Indian Express, Mumbai Mirror, Mid-day, DNA, Business-Standards, Hindustan Times and Free Press Journal. List of Hindi Newspapers (Urdu newspapers): Hindi Midday, Tehalka news, Navbharat Times, Humara Mahanagar, Aaj Ka Ana nd, YashoBhoomi, Dopahar, Saamna, Hindmata, Mumbai Sandhya. List of Gujarati Newspapers: Gujarat Samachar, Mumbai Samachar, Divya Bhasker, Sandesh, Guajarati Midday, JanmaBhoomi.List of Marathi Newspapers: Loksatta, Maharashtra Times, Navshakti, Navakal, Vartahar, Saamna (saamana), Sakal, Sandesh, Lokmat, Divyabhaskar, Mumbai Mitra, Navabharat times, Sandhyanand, Punya Nagri, Samrat, Ratnagiri news, Mumbai Chaufer. Other Languages Newspapers: Kanada Times, Karnataka Malla, Udaya, Vani. Market Share of Mumbai English Dailies Analyst says that 3. 5million people read English in Mumbai but only 1. 2 million buy English newsprint of any kind. Mumbai had only six English dailies till 2005. â€Å"TIMES OF INDIA† is an unbeaten king of Mumbai English newspaper market COMPANY PROFILE * |The Times of India (TOI) is an English-language broadsheet newspaper that is widely read throughout India. It has the largest circulation among all English-language newspapers in the world, across all formats (broadsheet, tabloid, compact, Berliner and online). It is owned and managed by Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. which is owned by the Sahu Jain family. In the year 2008, the newspaper reported that (with a circulation of over 3. 14 million) it was Certified by the Audit Bureau of Circulations as the world's largest selling English-language Daily newspaper, placing as the 8th largest selling newspaper in any language in the world.According to the Indian Readership Survey (IRS) 2010, the Times of India is the most widely read English newspaper in India with a readership of 70. 35  lakhs (7. 035  million). This ranks the Times of India as the top English newspaper in India by readership. According to ComScore, TOI Online is the world's most-visited newspaper website with 159 million page views in May 2009. HISTORY OF â€Å"TIMES OF INDIA† The Times of India came into being on November 3, 1838 and was known as â€Å"The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce†. Initi ally the paper served only the British residents of western India.Published twice a week on every Saturday and Wednesday, The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce contained news from Europe, America and the sub- continent and was circulated between India and Europe via regular steamships. 1838: The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce is launched by a British syndicate. 1855: Telegraph service starts in India and the paper signs an agreement with Reuters for â€Å"raising news coverage and lowering subscription rates. † 1861: Paper is renamed The Times of India after it acquires two smaller rival papers. 1902: Paper moves into its current offices opposite Victoria Terminus. 915: Price for the paper is cut from four annas to one anna as new rotary machines increase supply. 1946: Paper becomes Indian-owned and the editorial policy becomes openly nationalist. 1949: Matrimonial ads, known as â€Å"Catches and Hatches,† are introduced. 1950: Paper's crest is changed from th e lion and unicorn symbol of imperial Britain to two elephants, and anew credo – Let Truth Prevail – is adopted. 1991: The Times of India is chosen as one of the world's six greatest newspapers by the BBC. 1996: Timesofindia. com launched. 1997: Mumbai edition carries its first color photograph. 003: Delhi edition becomes the first paper in India to go all-color. The daily circulation of Times of India is more than 2 million Shades of Times of India TOI in Electronic Media A 24 hour English news channel, TIMES NOW has been started couple of years back by a joint venture between Reuters and the Times Group. The company also owns a lifestyle TV channel – Zoom and a radio channel – Radio Mirchi. One of India's leading radio channel – Radio Mirchi is available in Delhi, Mumbai and other important cities of India. Times Group in MerchandisePlanet M:Times Retail with Planet M outlets offer merchandise from music to designer watches, books and cafes. Time s Group Events The Times group organizes a number of fairs and exhibitions time-to-time all over the country. Times Utsav Consumer fairs, Times Ascent Job Fairs and Education Events are the fair and exhibitions organized by the Times group. The Times Group sponsors Miss World and Miss Universe events and played host to a galaxy of stars at the Film fare Awards. The group also organizes The Economic Times Awards for Corporate Excellence or the Brand Equity Quiz. Times Group in Social ServicesThe philanthropic arm of the Times group, the Times Foundation, offers Non-Government Organizations , institutions ; others organizations all over India, a good platform to converge and address the country's developmental needs. TOI on Internet Times Group offers Internet services worldwide that covers everything from art to airlines, knowledge events to telecom and integrated marketing,. The site is visited by millions of users from India and other countries of the world. Websites of Times group are : http://www. timesofindia. com (The Times of India) http://www. economictimes. com (Economic Times) ttp://www. indiatimes. com (India times) http://www. epaper. timesofindia. com (TOI e Paper) http://www. syndication. indiatimes. com (Times Syndication Service) http://www. educationtimes. com (Education Times – A comprehensive education portal) http://www. timesascent. in (Times Ascent – A HR community portal) http://www. timesjobs. com (Times Jobs. com – A job portal) http://www. simplymarry. com (Simply Marry. com – A matrimonial portal) http://www. magicbricks. com (Margi Bricks – A real estate portal) http://www. radiomirchi. com (Radio Mirchi) Products under Times of India Umbrella TOI Sister Publications Economic Times – A Financial daily * Nav bharat Times – Hindi Daily Newspaper * Maharashtra Times – Marathi Daily Newspaper * Mumbai Mirror – Morning newspaper from Mumbai * Femina – Women's magazine p ublished in association with BBC * Filmfare – English Film Magazine published in association with BBC TOI Supplements The Times of India comes with several city-specific supplements, such as Delhi Times, Bombay Times, Lucknow Times, Bangalore Times etc. These city supplements carry entertainment news, gossips, page3 party news, photographs and other lifestyle related happenings in metros and big cities.Other major supplements of TOI include: Times Wellness : Carries health related news and also provides solution of your grievances by experts. Education Times : Education Times is weekly supplement focused towards students and acts as a counselor and advisor for student community. Times Ascent : A weekly supplement Times Ascent seeks to introduce more understanding of Human Resources and corporate life related stories. Also carries the advertisements of various kinds of jobs in India and abroad. Zig wheels: Zig wheels is a supplement related to auto-mobiles and latest developme nt in the industry.Times Property: The weekly supplement has real estate and property news. Times Life : Times life comes once in a week carrying news about life of personalities and famous people. Times Classifieds: Carries advertisements regarding jobs, buy and sell of items etc. Times Matrimonial: Feature marriage advertisement of boys and girls looking for match. Rouge: A weekly supplement Times en Vogue : A weekly supplement Products of Times of India CURRENT SENARIO The Times of India is published by the media group Bennett, Coleman ; Co. Ltd.This company, along with its other group companies, known as The Times Group, also publishes The Economic Times, Mumbai Mirror, Pune Mirror, the Navbharat Times (a Hindi-language daily broadsheet), the Maharashtra Times (a Marathi-language daily broadsheet). The Times is self-declared as a liberal newspaper, and is sometimes described as irreverent. The present management of The Times Group has been instrumental in changing the outlook of Indian journalism. In India, as is elsewhere in the world, the Editor of a newspaper has traditionally been considered as the most notable position in a newspaper set up.The Times of India, however, changed this in the early 1990s, in keeping with the management policy of treating the newspaper as just another brand in the market. The main newspaper and its many sub-editions are now run by editors who are appointed within the ranks and the company gives equal chance to everyone to occupy the editor's seat. The Times Group also places equal focus and importance to every department and function – which has made it a professional entity and ensured its place as the most profitable newspaper in the country. In late 2006, Times Group acquired Vijayanand Printers Limited (VPL).VPL used to publish two Kannada newspapers Vijay Karnataka and Usha Kiran and an English daily Vijay Times. Vijay Karnataka was the leader in the Kannada newspaper segment then. In January 2007, the Kannada edition was launched in Bangalore and in April 2008 the Chennai edition was launched. Their main rivals in India are The Hindu and Hindustan Times, which hold second and third position by circulation. There was a serious backlash against the paper's irresponsible coverage following the verdict of Ayodhya disputed land case. This also provoked serious criticism about the paper's poor news standards in Twitter.The Times Group| | | Corporate directors| Indu Jain  Ã‚ · Samir Jain  Ã‚ · Vineet Jain  Ã‚ · Sahu Jain  Ã‚ · Sahu Ramesh Chandra Jain  Ã‚ · Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain| | | Brand Newspapers, magazines and websites| The Times of India  Ã‚ · The Economic Times  Ã‚ · Maharashtra Times  Ã‚ · Navbharat Times  Ã‚ · Mumbai Mirror  Ã‚ · Pune Mirror  Ã‚ · Kolkata Mirror  Ã‚ · Bangalore Mirror  Ã‚ · The Times of India – Kannada  Ã‚ · Times Private Treaties  Ã‚ · ET Chandigarh   Zig Wheels| | | Times Global Broadcasting| Times Now  Ã‚ · ET Now  Ã‚ · Z oom  Ã‚ · Lead India | | | Times Internet| Indiatimes portal  Ã‚ · TimesofMoney| | | Times Infotainment &Entertainment Network India| Radio Mirchi  Ã‚ · Absolute Radio  Ã‚ · 360 Degrees  Ã‚ · Times Outoors  Ã‚ · Mirchi Movies Limited| | | Times Business Solutions| TBSL  Ã‚ · Times Jobs  Ã‚ · SimplyMarry  Ã‚ · MagicBricks  Ã‚ · Yolist   Ã‚ · Ads2Book  Ã‚ · PeerPower| | | World Wide Media| Filmfare  Ã‚ · Filmfare Awards  Ã‚ · Femina  Ã‚ · Femina Miss India  Ã‚ · Top Gear India  Ã‚ · Hello  Ã‚ · BBC Good Homes  Ã‚ · Femina Hindi  Ã‚ · Grazia  Ã‚ · What to Wear| | | TIML Radio| TIML Radio Limited| HISTORY OF â€Å"DNA† Daily News and Analysis  (DNA) is an Indian  broadsheet  published in the English language from  Mumbai,  Ahmedabad,  Pune,  Jaipur,Bangalore  and  Indore  in  India.The broadsheet was launched in July 2005 and targeted a young readership. DNA is owned and managed by Diligent Media Corporation, a  jo int venture  between  D B Corp Ltd. (Dainik Bhaskar) and  Essel Group. A high-profile  advertising campaign  with the  tagline, â€Å"Speak up, it’s in your DNA†, preceded the birth of  Daily News and Analysis  in 2005. The situational context into which the publication was introduced was described by the Indian media as tumultuous, with price cuts and competitive activity occurring.In an announcement on the front page of DNA on February 1, 2010, Aditya Sinha,  editor-in-chief, announced that DNA would drop it's â€Å"edit page† a  benchmark  occasion in the newspaper's history. DNA's decision was considered to be a bold action and attracted much criticism in the journalism field. DNA subsequently began providing, where appropriate, expert opinion and  comments  in different pages of the newspaper. In October 2011, as per the MRUC's (Media Research Users Council)Indian Readership Survey (IRS) Round II determined DNA’s total reade rship to be 12. 2 lakh in Mumbai and an average issue readership (AIR), across its six editions, of 8. 24 lakh. IRS also ranked DNA as no. 6th among the Top Ten English Dailies in India. DNA is the second most read English broadsheet in the city of Mumbai. The country’s youngest English newspaper continues to set a scorching pace, registering 86% growth in AIR over the five years since the IRS survey in the second half of 2006, nearly doubling the issue readership from 4. 44 lakh. DNA also has the highest percentage of readers (36. %) in the 30-49 age group in Mumbai among the English dailies, and the second highest percentage of readers who are graduates (52. 2%) or fall in the socio-economic classes A and B (73. 5%). On February 11, 2007, DNA announced that its paid circulation had reached 400,000 in Mumbai. It had previously reached 300,000 in October 2006. In May 2006, DNA authorized Ernst & Young to certify its circulation figures. E & Y submitted its report in July, put ting its paid circulation at 270,000. DNA is currently published from Mumbai, Bangalore, Pune, Ahmedabad,Jaipur and Indore.DNA has stopped publishing from Surat. The supplement typically contains information about happenings around a certain city, contests, games and puzzles, comics, jokes, recipes, as well as coverage of international issues such as global warming and ill-treatment of animals, children's problems like bullying and heavy homework, various facts and news, and children's contributions such as poems, essays, articles on their life, letters to the editor, and drawings. SUPPLEMENTS OF DNA AFTER HRS DNA AFTER HRS is an entertainment newspaper which covers news about bollywood, page 3 parties and buzz in town. DNA PROPERTYDNA PROPERTY is a weekly supplement it gives details about real estate properties around the country. DNA SPORTS DNA SPORTS is a daily supplement which covers all sports news national as well as international. HISTORY OF â€Å"HINDUSTAN TIMES† Hind ustan Times  (HT) is an Indian English-language daily newspaper founded in 1924 with roots in the  Indian independence movement of the period (â€Å"Hindustan† being a historical name for  India). It is the flagship publication of  HT Media Ltd. Hindustan Times is one of the largest  newspapers in India, by circulation. According to the Audit Bureau of Circulations, it has a circulation of 1. million copies as of 2010. The Indian Readership Survey (IRS) 2011 revealed that HT  has a readership of (37. 37 lakhs), placing it as the second most widely read English newspaper in India after  The Times of India. It has a wide reach in northern  India, with simultaneous editions from: New Delhi,  Mumbai,  Kolkata,  Lucknow,  Patna,  Ranchi,  Bhopal and  Chandigarh. The print location of  Jaipur  was discontinued from June 2006. HT  launched a youth daily,  HT Next, in 2004. The Mumbai edition was launched on 14 July 2005 and the Kolkata edition w as launched on early 2000.Other sister publications of  Hindustan Times  are  Mint  (English business daily),  Hindustan  (Hindi Daily),  Nandan  (monthly children's magazine) and  Kadambani  (monthly literary magazine). The media group owns a radio channel,  Fever, and organizes an annual Luxury Conference which has featured speakers like designer  Diane von Furstenberg, shoemaker  Christian Louboutin,  Gucci  CEO Robert Polet and  Cartier  MD Patrick Normand. Hindustan Times  is owned by the KK Birla branch of the Birla family. Hindustan Times  was founded in 1924 by  Master Sunder Singh Lyallpuri, founder-father of the  Akali movement  and the  Shiromani Akali Dal  in  Punjab.S Mangal Singh Gill (Tesildar) and S. Chanchal Singh (Jandiala, Jalandhar) were made in charge of the newspaper. Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya and  Master Tara Singh  were among the members of the Managing Committee. The Managing Chairman and Chief Patron w as Master Sunder Singh Lyallpuri. K. M. Panikkar was its first editor with  Devdas Gandhi  (son of  Mahatma Gandhi) on the editor's panel. The opening ceremony was performed by Mahatma Gandhi on 26 September 1924. The first issue was published from Naya Bazar,  Delhi  (now Swami Sharda Nand Marg). It contained writings and articles from C.F. Andrews, St. Nihal Singh, Maulana Mohammad Ali,  C. R. Reddy  (Dr. Cattamanchi Ramalinga Reddy), T. L. Vaswani, Ruchi Ram Sahni, Bernard Haton, Harinder Nath Chattopadhyaya, Dr Saifuddin Kichlu and Rubi Waston etc. â€Å"Sadar Panikkar launched the Hindustan Times as a serious nationalist newspaper. As an Oxonian, historian, and litterateur, Panikkar must have hoped to make his paper eventually more than an Akali sheet. He became the editor and funds flowed freely from activist Akali patrons. He exerted himself strenuously, but the paper made very little headway.In two years Panikkar could not take the print order any higher than 3,000. By then the Akali movement appeared to lose steam and funds dried up. The paper was saved from an untimely demise when Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya stepped in to realise his vision of a newspaper in Delhi. † – TJS George, Lessons in Journalism, 2007, Viva Books, New Delhi. Malaviya raised Rs. 50,000 rupees to acquire the Hindustan Times along with the help of nationalist leaders Lajpat Rai and M. R. Jayakar and industrialist G. D. Birla, who paid most of the cash. Birla took full control of the paper in 1933.The paper continues to be owned by the Birla family. It has its roots in the  Indian independence movement  of the first half of the twentieth century and even faced the noted â€Å"Hindustan Times Contempt Case (August–November, 1941)† at  Allahabad High Court. It was edited at times by many important people in India, includingDevdas Gandhi  and  Khushwant Singh. Sanjoy Narayan, has been appointed the editor in chief of the paper and w as due to take over in August 2008. Recently the editorial page has seen a major makeover and has been named â€Å"comment† to bring in more flexibility and some-what less seriousness to the page.HT MUMBAI EDITION HT Mumbai  has an eight-page daily lifestyle supplement (in tabloid format) called  HT Cafe. It has its education supplement called â€Å"HT Education† on Wednesdays. The paper also comes with a magazine on Sundays called  Brunch. The Mumbai edition is managed by Mohit Ahuja, an alumnus of NMIMS, Bombay. The resident editor in Mumbai is  Soumya Bhattacharya. OWNERSHIP The Delhi-based English daily  Hindustan Times  is part of the KK Birla group and managed by  Shobhana Bhartia, daughter of the industrialist  KK Birla  and granddaughter of  GD Birla.It is owned by  HT Media Ltd. The KK Birla group owns a 69 per cent stake in HT Media, currently valued at Rs 834 crore. When Shobhana Bhartia joined  Hindustan Times  in 1986, she was the first woman chief executive of a national newspaper. Shobhana has been nominated as a Rajya Sabha MP from Congress Party. Along with  Hindustan Times,  HT Media  owns  Desi martini,  Fever 104 FM, and  Mint (newspaper). HT SUPPLEMENTS HT BRUNCH An exclusive lifestyle magazine, every Sunday. The readers of HT wake up to Brunch every Sunday morning, which is one of best-loved offerings from its stable.In a magazine format and clearly about ‘the good life’, it covers stories around food, fashion, shopping, travel, health & wellness, books & movie reviews, celebrity talk, lifestyle etc. One of the biggest draws of Brunch is the bouquet of columns by prominent journalists like  Vir Sanghvi  (food & travel), Sanjoy Narayan (music) and  Rajiv Makhni  (technology). This universally appealing brand has the core target group vested in upwardly mobile young families, looking for enhancing their lifestyle quotient. HT CAFE The entertainment & lifestyle suppleme nt, every day.The Hindustan Times reader wakes up to a bundle of fun, frolic, entertainment and masala everyday called HT City (in Delhi) and HT Cafe (in Mumbai). One of the strongest drivers of readership, the daily entertainment supplement enjoys almost universal salience and readership. The buzzy daily supplement has redefined lifestyle and entertainment space in newspapers, packing a punch with daily dose of Bollywood, Hollywood, Fashion, Relationship, City and Campus. The supplement offers an array of daily sections catering to different tastes – health & wellness, gadgets, travel, motoring and food.One of the biggest draws of the supplement is the Weekend Planner on Fridays that the young people of Delhi & Mumbai refer to as a guide to living it up in the city. HT EDUCATION Education Supplement, every Wednesday (earlier known as HT Horizons). HT Education offers the much needed guidance and mentorship to the students, which really helps them in choosing the best in educ ation leading to a great career. HT Education is a supplement dedicated to serving the needs of not only student community from 10th to post graduates, but also the parents who are concerned about their child’s future.The supplement is a source of comprehensive info around – career options, admission and scholarship information, college profiles, guidance and expert counseling. It’s a one-stop guide to the students to prepare for their most exciting phase in life. HT ESTATES Real Estate supplement, every Saturday. HT Estates as a supplement partners and corroborates the readers with information that helps them buy or sell their properties. This supplement comes with the newspaper every Saturday. The supplement offers countless options on property buying and selling.Along with that the supplement also enlightens both the buyers and sellers on legal aspects of realty transactions. Specifically for buyers the supplement offers array of information on realty trends, loan rates, etc. INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT Title of the Project: â€Å"PROFILE STUDY ON DNA/HT’S EXCLUSIVE READERS†. Objectives of the Study: To understand the psyche & the profile of DNA and HT’s exclusive subscribers Process: * To prepare a list of DNA and HT’s exclusive subscribers (zone wise) * Conduct a survey of 200 readers to understand profile / reading habits / demography / preference. To understand the 5 p’s of DNA/HT subscription schemes. * Compilation and evaluation of the subscriber’s insights and psyche Research Methodology: * Data collection method : Survey * Data Collection : Primary data collection * Data collection tool : Questionnaire * Target group : Exclusive DNA/HT Subscriber’s * Sample size : 200 Areas covered : Mumbai- Urban, suburban, Navi- Mumbai & Thane District. QUESTIONAIREName:-_______________________________ Age:_______ Occupation: -__________________________ Contact no:________________ Area__________ _ Family size____ Email ID:_______________________ Income Group: 1lakh 1-2 lakh 2-3 lakh 1year 1-2years 2-3years