Tourism of Hungary

After the turn of the century the travel industry of Hungary was not significant. The main goals were the capital, some progressively well known commonplace towns and spas. In the years after the World War I the travel industry of the nation relapsed. The cognizant development of the travel industry started in 1920. Between the two World Wars Budapest had critical the travel industry traffic, Lake Balaton, piles of Matra and Bukk, Danube Bend, certain commonplace towns and towns, which were wealthy in society workmanship esteems, were significant goals. After World War II the worldwide the travel industry diminished to a base in our nation. Be that as it may, in this time the inland the travel industry began to increment rapidly. In 1960, as the political air facilitated, the quantity of remote visitors developed. From the start the greater part of these voyagers originated from the communist nations. After the 1990's the quantity of remote voyagers moved toward 40 million. It's a given that Lake Balaton was an amazing fascination among German voyagers since its closeness and affordability in comparision with the shoreline. Yet, this implied incomeonly in the late spring for Hungarian the travel industry. These days, in any times of the year, who comes here can discover different hobbies as they would prefer. Hungary is rich in warm and therapeudic wells, because of that in the ongoing years the quantity of health lodgings raised. These pulls in basically grown-ups and families with youngsters. Recently Hungary turned into a well known goal among youngsters as a result of incalculable celebrations sorted out in the nation, for example, VOLT and Sziget Festival which are visited by individuals from all around the globe. In the segment of social the travel industry ought to be referenced the remarkable Hungarian theaters and the world-celebrated Ballet Association of Gyor. For any age-gatherings can be drawing the endless normal delights, scenes and attractions which are portions of the World Heritage. There are variation territories that enchants everybody's eyes with its legends. The most autonomous action from climate is touring. Still the most dearest city of Hungary is Budapest, however different urban communities and towns, for example, DebrecenGyor and Pecs are turning out to be increasingly famous step by step. By the manner in which Pecs will be the social capital of Europe in 2010. To wrap things up we can not disregard Hungarian gastronomy, the heavenly dishes and the unmistakable wines of Tokaj wine-area.

Acute coronary syndrome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Intense coronary disorder - Essay Example tients with ACS is brisk and exact, chance separation is done and the executives is initiated as right on time as conceivable to accomplish great results in the short and long turn (Housholder-Hughes, 2011). The job of medical caretakers in the administration of ACS is vital in all angles, be it determination and evaluation, triage, pharmacotherapy, perioperative administration, basic consideration, postoperative consideration, release and recovery. All medical attendants ought to have proof based information with the goal that they can settle on educated choices in the administration regarding an ACS persistent. This survey expects to depict the pathophysiology, nursing judgments and evaluation, and nursing intercessions of intense coronary disorder. Momentum research and articles applicable to the previously mentioned points were checked on and broke down so as to give a base to confirm based practice. The writing was recovered by playing out a MEDLINE and Google/Google Scholar search on the web joined with a manual quest for diaries and books relating to the previously mentioned subjects. The watchwords and their blends that were utilized were intense coronary condition, nurture, nurture specialist, ACS, pathophysiology, analysis, pharmacotherapy, unsteady angina, STEMI, NSTEMI, myocardial localized necrosis, MI, the executives, nursing appraisal, and nursing intercessions. In spite of the fact that, the articles recognizing evaluation, mediations, and their effect on the administration of ACS explicitly with regards to nursing are not many, the rules focusing on medicinal services experts by and large have been adjusted for attendants by most writers in their proposals. As per Hansson (2005), affidavit of atherosclerotic plaques in dividers and lumens of courses (atherosclerosis) is a fiery procedure coming about because of a cooperation of resistant and metabolic hazard factors. Intense coronary disorder happen when diminished blood stream causes unexpected myocardial ischemia. This happens when a blood clot is shaped on the outside of the atherosclerotic plaque because of plaque

Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Processes

High-impact versus Anaerobic Processes Every living thing need a persistent gracefully of vitality to keep their cells working regularly and to remain solid. A few living beings, called autotrophs, can create their own vitality utilizing daylight or other vitality sources through procedures, for example, ​photosynthesis. Others, similar to people, need to eat food so as to create vitality. In any case, that isn't the kind of vitality cells use to work. Rather, they utilize an atom called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to prop themselves up. The cells, in this way, must have an approach to take the compound vitality put away in food and change it into the ATP they have to work. The procedure cells experience to roll out this improvement is called cell breath. Two Types of Cellular Processes Cell breath can be high-impact (which means with oxygen) or anaerobic (without oxygen). Which course the cells take to make the ATP relies exclusively upon whether there is sufficient oxygen present to experience vigorous breath. In the event that there isn't sufficient oxygen present for high-impact breath, at that point a few life forms will turn to utilizing anaerobic breath or other anaerobic procedures, for example, maturation. High-impact Respiration So as to boost the measure of ATP made during the time spent cell breath, oxygen must be available. As eukaryotic species developed after some time, they turned out to be increasingly intricate with more organs and body parts. It got vital for cells to have the option to make however much ATP as could be expected to keep these new adjustments running appropriately. Early Earths climate had almost no oxygen. It wasnt until after autotrophs got bottomless and discharged a lot of oxygen as a result of photosynthesis that vigorous breath could advance. The oxygen permitted every cell to deliver ordinarily more ATP than their old precursors that depended on anaerobic breath. This procedure occurs in the phone organelle called the mitochondria. Anaerobic Processes Progressively crude areâ the forms that numerous life forms experience when insufficient oxygen is available. The most generally referred to anaerobic procedures are known as fermentation. Most anaerobic procedures startâ out a similar route as high-impact breath, however they stopâ partway through the pathway in light of the fact that the oxygen isn't accessible for it to complete the high-impact breath procedure, or they get together with another atom that isn't oxygen as the last electron acceptor. Aging makes numerous less ATP and furthermore discharges results of either lactic corrosive or liquor, much of the time. Anaerobic procedures can occur in the mitochondria or in the cytoplasm of the cell. Lactic corrosive maturation is the sort of anaerobic procedure people experience if there is a lack of oxygen. For instance, marathon runners experience a development of lactic corrosive in their muscles since they are not taking in enough oxygen to stay aware of the interest of vitality required for the activity. The lactic corrosive can even reason squeezing and irritation in the muscles over the long haul. Alcoholic aging doesn't occur in people. Yeast is a genuine case of a living being that experiences alcoholic maturation. A similar procedure that goes on in the mitochondria during lactic corrosive aging additionally occurs in alcoholic maturation. The main contrast is that the result of alcoholic aging is ethyl liquor. Alcoholic aging is significant for the lager business. Lager creators include yeast which will experience alcoholic aging to add liquor to the blend. Wine maturation is likewise comparable and gives the liquor to the wine. Which is Better? Vigorous breath is considerably more effective at making ATP than anaerobic procedures like maturation. Without oxygen, the Krebs Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain in cell breath get sponsored up and won't work any more. This powers the cell to experience the considerably less proficient aging. While oxygen consuming breath can create up to 36 ATP, the various sorts of fermentationâ can just have a net increase of 2 ATP. Advancement and Respiration It is believed that the most antiquated kind of breath is anaerobic. Since there was practically zero oxygen present when the principal eukaryotic cells developed through endosymbiosis, they could just experience anaerobic breath or something like maturation. This was not an issue, notwithstanding, since those first cells were unicellular. Creating just 2 ATP at a time was sufficient to keep the single cell running. As multicellular eukaryotic life forms started to show up on Earth, the bigger and increasingly complex life forms expected to create more vitality. Through normal choice, life forms with more mitochondria that could experience vigorous breath endure and repeated, giving these positive adjustments to their posterity. The more old adaptations could no longer stay aware of the interest for ATP in the more intricate life form and went wiped out.

CRIMINAL LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

CRIMINAL LAW - Essay Example Along these lines in the present situation except if a case past sensible uncertainty is made Susan would be considered as honest. Most definitely, such weight lies on the indictment who thusly needs to demonstrate past all sensible uncertainty including yet not restricted to fulfillment of the jury of the blame of the litigant. (Woolmington v. DPP)1 The primary components that required to be demonstrated in criminal law or be explicit a criminal offense are actus reus (the activity of the charged), mens rea (the imperative goal for the commission of the offense) and the nonappearance of any guard or if any protection is raised it is discredited as per the general inclination of the court. (Master Diplock in R v Miller)2 Another component that should be considered is that the actus reus and mens rea of the criminal offense that was carried out need to agree, anyway it is appropriate to make reference to that such necessity has been deciphered extensively by the courts. (Fagan v. Offi cial of Police3). The actus reus of an offense is commonly fulfilled when a positive demonstration is submitted. It has frequently been necessitated that that has been submitted must be willful, this can be seen from what Lord Denning said that ‘No demonstration is culpable in the event that it is done automatically, and an automatic demonstration in this context...means a demonstration which is finished by the muscles with no control by the brain, for example, fit, a reflex activity or a seizure; or a demonstration done by an individual who isn't aware of what he is doing, for example, a demonstration done while experiencing blackout or while sleepwalking...’ (Bratty v Attorney General for Northern Ireland)4 . In this manner the demonstration of the respondent should in this manner be deliberate and a wilful development of body. The following component is mens rea which is worried about the perspective of the litigant. There had been cases which were settled on by the courts wherein the measures were set up whereby the mens rea for a criminal demonstration would be set up. The cases that were settled on considered goal, abstract wildness, target carelessness, lacuna and so forth. Mens can't be supposed to be fiendishness by method of any good or general sense (Dodman)5 . Besides regardless of whether it is demonstrated to the court that the thought process behind the criminal demonstration was acceptable, it can't be depended upon as a protection (Chiu-Chang v. R)6 . In regard of mens rea the present circumstance is that of Woollin7 and R v. G. Also, this has been reached after impressive refining of the first test for goal. Subsequently the test for direct purpose is the that the respondent had planned an outcome by submitting the specific demonstration; and for sideways expectation is that the outcome may have been that the outcome was a for all intents and purposes certain result of the demonstration. The actus reus of mens rea was given by Si r Edward Coke in the seventeenth century whereby he expressed that the demonstration is submitted if the respondent ‘unlawfully killeth any sensible animal in rerum natura under the Queen’s peace’. The meaning of unlawfully does exclude the slaughtering of for instance the utilization of sensible power for self preservation (Re a (Children)8. Plainly it very well may be seen that because of the vehicle of Susan going straight into the passerby would be viewed as a demonstration is unlawful. Most definitely that alludes to the necessity that the demonstrations of the respondent can be ascribed to be a lawful reason for death. Plainly

RIP To Reading Alice Walker. Long Live THE COLOR PURPLE.

RIP To Reading Alice Walker. Long Live THE COLOR PURPLE. In 2013, I was still fairly new to book reviewing. When I requested Alice Walkers book, The Cushion in the Road, for review, I expected to be refused. Newbies dont get assigned books by legends, right?   But I got it: my most exciting assignment yet. I had recently graduated from divinity school, where I studied feminist theology. Intersectional feminism was all that I thought about. Alice Walkerâ€"who conceptualized womanism, who gave us The Color Purple, and who had earned her many accolades, including a Pulitzerâ€"was a god within that realm. I was also in the midst of my conversion to Judaism, which Id recognized as my religious home precisely because it emphasizes intersectionality as a religious value. So when my admiration for Alice Walker crashed into her claims about my community in The  Cushion in the Road, I was heartbroken. My expectations of a book-long experience of intersectional sisterhood were dashed. Alice Walker, I discovered, hated Jews. Im choosing those words deliberately. This is, in part, because I hesitated to say them then, and that was a mistake. No one wants to discover that someone they admire is capable of hate, especially of hating them. But even minor gods are fallible, and Alice Walker is an anti-Semite. She believes in global Jewish conspiracies. She thinks that we are to blame for the ills of the world. She thinks that were money-grubbing. Pick your canard: shes got it down in print. Some of it has something to do with Israel, but all of it has everything to do with hate. The Cushion in the Road didnt introduce Alices prejudices, though they were my first confrontation with them. And in the book world, people gave her wide berth. Reactions to  The Cushion in the Road generally  skipped over its anti-Semitism entirely, favoring the books broader, more familiar Alice Walker themes. Even I buried my dismay over her comments regarding Jewish people and Israel beneath praise for the less noxious portions of the book. I celebrated her awareness, her boldness, and the challenges she posed to all readers, including President Obama. I called her comments regarding Judaism, and Jewish people, strange within the collection. I used words like invective and hyperbolic regarding them, but my implication was that those portions were an anomaly, rather than indicative of what Alice truly believed. I loved her. I owed her. I didnt want to accept that she truly believed that I deserved suspicion or hate. On topics other than Judaism, Alice Walkers work is sensitive, thoughtful, concerned with justice, and a voice for righteous protest. On topics related to Judaism, she is myopic and foments hate. I held the sensitive Alice in such high esteem that I decided to talk about the Other Alice in a whisper. That willingness to minimize what was, even then, pronounced prejudice was a mistake. I regret the forgiving tone of my review. The ADL review was clearer (if it also concentrated entirely on one chapter of that book): it called out anti-Semitic tropes in  Cushion, including suggestions that Jews dont do anything that we cant make money off of, the use of terms like Jewish supremacy, and the pronounced ignorance regarding the Torah. God save us from the Jews! a woman says to Alice in one of the books accounts; Too late, she replies. I already married one. Walkers resentment toward her ex-husband snowballed into negative impressions of all Jewish people: if hed proved duplicitous, then so would I. So would any of us. We were not to be trusted. We were to blame. This is how prejudice works. I think that the fact that the anti-Semitism in  The Cushion in the Road is  mostly contained within a chapter made it so easier for reviewers to ignore. We could compartmentalize the part of Alice that seemed capable of such ugliness, could pretend that it was contained, or a quirk, or whatever. Alice Walkers anti-Semitism is the topic that you trouble briefly and blow past when youre discussing her greater body of work, that you excuse because  The Color Purple  was, and is, so important, and because we need womanism, desperatelyâ€"now more than ever. Maybe that isnt HER. But it is. The furor over her endorsement of David Ickes work in a recent issue of  The New York Times is deserved. Its also overdue. Alice didnt introduce her anti-Semitism with that book recommendation; she reminded us of it. Shes been airing it for years. Sometimes its cushioned within criticisms of Israelâ€"which also makes it easier to dismiss as not-hateâ€"but its always about something deeper. It shouldnt have taken her praise of a conspiracy theorist who believes that Jews are part of a global Illuminati alien-lizard-people conspiracy to make that obvious. But it did. NOW people are shocked. NOW people are dismayed. Welcome. I am still the woman who fell in love with womanism and  The Color Purple while learning how to be an intersectional feminist in divinity school; that will not change. I want people to be womanist. I want  The Color Purple to broaden readers perspectives. As critics like Roxane Gay have pointed out: theres no need to throw any of that away. Alice Walker has been anti-Semitic for years. I talk about it at my events when I talk about how much I appreciate Possessing the Secret of Joy. â€" roxane gay (@rgay) December 17, 2018 If some of you would do some basic reading you would know that Walker’s anti Semitism has nothing to do with her critique of Zionism. I am not conflating these things. Read her blog, note the anti Semitic writers she values, and Jesus Christ, face reality. https://t.co/NLdt6lrcX8 â€" roxane gay (@rgay) December 18, 2018 But we also need to hear Alice when she tells us plainly that that essential work does not mean that she is a person whose every word is gospel. Alice Walker is a writer who exposed the flaws of white feminism and who demanded intersectionality and equal footing for black voices. She is also a woman who is far from intersectional when it comes to her Jewish sisters. She is a writer who laid bare realities of racism, misogyny, and institutional power imbalances. She is also a woman who promoted a book that draws upon  The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, an anti-Semitic screed. Keep  The Color Purple, but stop letting Alice Walker air her hatred for another marginalized community. Hold womanism in one hand and combat anti-Semitism with the other. Immerse yourself in her essays from before, but dont miss out on her daughters book, Black, White, and Jewish, which adds some nuance and context to her wordsâ€"and which approaches Judaism with the thoughtfulness that is sorely missing in all of Alices mentions of my tradition and my people. Early Alice Walker deserves to be be heard, and read, and celebratedâ€"right up until the point where she expresses hatred for others. Alice Walker now, whos airing her hatred for Jewish people with David Ickeian fervor, deserves to be called out. It is not easy to hold our literary giants to account, but I am grateful for those who are finally doing that hard work.

Essay sample on effects of texting

Contemporary students are extremely dependent on the Internet and their smartphones. They got used to being in touch with their peers and family and use text messaging both at home and school. Although one cannot deny that elaborate communication tools are extremely useful, an increasing number of researchers, educators, and parents raise concerns about the effects of excessive text messaging on teenagers. More specifically, there have been heated debates as to the adverse impact of texting on students’ literacy skills. This text messaging affecting literacy research paper aims to explore these concerns in detail and, based on the reliable academic literature, determine whether text messaging is indeed detrimental for teenagers’ writing and communication skills. Texting and Literacy Research: Contradicting Results There have been many studies attempting to explore the effects of text messaging on students literacy. Some critics argue that excessive use of smartphones adversely affects the way children think, read, and write. They note that the more students use this type of communication, the less they are able to see the difference between informal and formal English (Myhra, 2010). Among the most common mistakes made by students are missing words, misspelling, and missing punctuation, mainly because texting does not require users to pay attention to all these aspects. The problem is that students use texting for informal communication, where academic grammar is not generally required. They use cyber slang, such as â€Å"LOL,† â€Å"BFF,† or â€Å"WTF† to express their emotions, which is fine for chatting with friends but is unacceptable for higher education or business (Myhra, 2010). Educators are concerned that if students learn to use this simplified language in the mid dle-school, they may have difficulty using correct, formal language when they grow up (Tomaszewski, 2011). To summarize, negative effects of text messaging have been well-documented during the past decade. However, not all researchers agree that texting is detrimental to children’s writing skills and spelling. For example, the recent study by Van Dijk et al. (2016) aimed to determine how textese affect students’ cognitive abilities and executive functions. The main objective pursued by authors was to answer the question â€Å"does text messaging affect writing skills?† Scholars used a sample of 55 teenagers who regularly used text messaging. Results revealed that textese improve both children’s abilities in written language and their spoken language. In this way, the study showed that contrary to the widespread opinion, texting does not lead to language deterioration (Van Dijk et al., 2016). These findings were supported by Wood, Kemp, and Waldron (2014) who noted that texting slang does not seem to impact teenagers’ literacy negatively. Baggott (2006) argued that in the contemporary digital age, the very concept of literacy should be viewed differently. As explained by the author, today’s literacy is not only about writing and reading skills but also about the ability to interpret information, knowing how to use multimedia, and being able to select the relevant data from the wide array of sources. Therefore, if to look at literacy from this perspective, one may confidently note that texting allows students to gain all these vital skills. More importantly, Baggott (2006) highlighted that the effects of text messaging on students’ literacy are exaggerated. In fact, they know perfectly well when they can use â€Å"IMHO† and when they should use more sophisticated, formal language. Singh, Gupta, and Tuteja (2015) took a middle-ground position and argued that texting may affect students’ literacy both positively and negatively. On the one hand, students who use text messaging communicate more and gain new knowledge and information, which makes them generally literate. On the other hand, the use of short words may make them lazy and less attentive to grammar and spelling (Singh et al., 2015). Verheijen (2013) added that existing studies do not allow drawing definite conclusions as to the effects of texting. According to this author, differences in sample sizes, population, and methodology mean that comparing the findings of the empirical research is impossible. Other Effects of Text Messaging in the Classroom As shown in the previous paragraphs, there is no unanimity regarding the effects of text messaging to students in relation to literacy skills. However, text messaging is a social phenomenon that affects not only writing and reading but also teenagers’ communication skills. Effects of text messaging on communication skills have been widely researched nowadays, and the prevailing view is that texting is detrimental to genuine face-to-face communication. Villines (2012) explained that children get used to instant messaging and anonymity brought by popular messengers, so they may feel uncomfortable interacting with people in real life. In other words, they forget that face-to-face communication requires considerable efforts, patience, and listening skills. As a result, one may see the negative effects of texting in the classroom, where children are expected to actively interact in-person. As noted by Villines (2012), students may get irritated by slow-paced communication and lose a chance to build meaningful relationships with peers and teachers. To conclude there are both negative and positive effects of texting on literacy, so further research is needed to address this controversy. On the one hand, it is believed that texting deprives students of the opportunity to learn the formal language and makes them less attentive to grammar, spelling, punctuation, and style. On the other hand, the use of technologies may positively affect teenagers’ digital literacy skills, which are vital for succeeding in the contemporary society. However, one thing is clear – texting adversely affects the way children communicate, so it is important to encourage them to spend more time on in-person interaction.

Oppression Of Women In The Handmaids Tale - 1732 Words

The Oppression of Women that is shown in The Handmaid’s Tale When describing the newly established society in The Handmaid’s Tale, the Commander states that â€Å"better never means better for everyone [...] it always means worse, for some† (Atwood, 244). This accurately describes the nature of patriarchal societies, such as the society that is described by Margaret Atwood in The Handmaid’s Tale. The Republic of Gilead is a patriarchal society that has religious, and patriarchal values that benefit the men in the society, at the expenses of the women of the society. Atwood also develops the oppressive nature of the society through the use of her stylistic choices throughout the novel. Finally, Offred’s experiences in her past life, and her†¦show more content†¦The women of the society are reduced to clearly defined roles that have been traditionally been assigned to women in the past. By being required to fulfil their roles, the women of th e society are treated as objects that are solely valued for their functionality, and are discarded when they are no longer needed. Another way that the women of the Republic of Gilead are oppressed is by preventing women from reading. In the society, women are not allowed to read, and to deter this, the government removes any literature that women may possibly be able to read. For example, the signs for shops are replaced by images of what the store sells, and Offred explains that the government â€Å"decided that even the names of shops were too much temptation for us† (Atwood, 28). This policy demonstrates the totalitarian control that the government has, and how it uses its power to suppress women. In addition to the control of the government, the social hierarchy of the society shows how the position, and roles of women are less valued than the positions that are reserved for men. In the Republic of Gilead, males are able to hold dominant positions such as lawmakers, sold iers, guardians, or as members of the Eyes, which is a secret police. The positions that are reserved for women mainly involve doing household chores or bearing, and taking care of children. These roles are thought to be traditionalShow MoreRelatedOppression on Women in Margaret Atwoods the Handmaids Tale and Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis966 Words   |  4 PagesOppression on Women in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale and Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis Persepolis, by Marjane Satrapi, is memoir of a little girl growing in Iran. She refers to a secular pre revolutionary time through contrast, the oppressive characteristics of the fundamentalist government upon women in particular. Her work is a lot similar to Margaret Atwoods, A Handmaid’s Tale, in which the protagonist Offred reflects upon her former life’s freedom, cherishing her former name and in doingRead MoreThoughts on Feminism and Dystopia in the Handmaid’s Tale Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesENGL 252-01 28 November 2012 Thoughts on Feminism and Dystopia in The Handmaid’s Tale The Annotated Bibliography Dopp, Jamie. Subject-Position as Victim-Position in The Handmaids Tale. Studies in Canadian Literature / Études en littà ©rature canadienne [Online], 19.1 (1994): n. page. Web. 27 Nov. 2012 Dopp believes that Dopp believes that the goal of The Handmaid’s Tale is to work against the oppression of women, While he feels that is actually does the opposite. Dopp Argues that theRead MoreCultural Criticism In The Handmaids Tale By Margaret Atwood1011 Words   |  5 Pageswide range of topics to analyze literature. Cultural criticism considers a variety of perspectives and branches of knowledge to discover the compilation of beliefs and customs that characterize a group of people. For a cultural reading of The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood, a cultural critic would consider the historical background paired with theories such as Marxism and feminism to make assumptions about what culture engendered the creation of this novel. (104 words) Cultural criticismRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1516 Words   |  7 PagesThe Handmaid’s Tale, by Margaret Atwood, explores the idea of physical and mental oppression through hierarchy, patriarchy, manipulation of history, surveillance and finally, community identity; hence the main character’s name â€Å"Offred† or ‘Of-Fred’ if you will. 1984, by George Orwell, covers this by including configuration of language; the characters have a new language called â€Å"Newspeak† and are also constantly watched by the government and the â€Å"Thought Police.† The hierarchy in The Handmaid’s TaleRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1709 Words   |  7 PagesOne of Atwood’s bestselling novel is The Handmaid’s Tale, a disturbing dystopian fiction novel. The Handmaid’s Tale is a complex tale of a woman’s life living in a society that endorses sexual slavery and inequality through oppression and fear. The female characters in Margaret Atwood’s novel demonstrates how these issues affects women’s lives. Offred is the individual with whom we sympathize and experience these issues. In The Handmaid’s Tale, Margaret Atwood addresses her perception of the ongoingRead MoreThe Handmaids Tale Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pagesreading The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood, one notices the tragedy of women losing rights. Imagine the feelings of losing all rights and freedoms; how hard the transition would be from an American society, centered on freedoms, to the society where Offred lives in The Handmaid’s Tale. Thankfully for all Americans, Atwood’s prediction of what society would become in the future was inaccurate. But, not all countries enjoy the same freedoms and luxuries as America does; the treatment of women in MiddleRead More Essay on A Society of Oppression in A Handmaids Tale745 Words   |  3 PagesA Society of Oppression in A Handmaids Tale      Ã‚   As the saying goes, history repeats itself. If one of the goals of Margaret Atwood was to prove this particular point, she certainly succeeded in her novel A Handmaids Tale. In her Note to the Reader, she writes, The thing to remember is that there is nothing new about the society depicted in The Handmaidens Tale except the time and place. All of the things I have written about ...have been done before, more than once... (316). AtwoodRead MoreMargaret Atwood s The Handmaid s Tale1537 Words   |  7 Pagesauthor of both Lady Oracle and The Handmaid’s Tale. Both of these novels follow the conventions of the oppression of women. Lady Oracle is the narrative in which Joan Foster, the first-person narrator, tells the story of her life. Spanning the time period of the early 1940s through 1970s, Joan’s story describes her growing up in Toronto, becoming an author of gothic romances, marrying and faking her suicide to escape the complicated turmoil of her life. The H andmaid’s Tale takes place in a city what usedRead More Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale Essay1246 Words   |  5 PagesAtwoods The Handmaids Tale In The Handmaids Tale, Margaret Atwood tells a saddening story about a not-to-distant future where toxic chemicals and abuses of the human body have resulted in many men and women alike becoming sterile. The main character, Offred, gives a first person encounter about her subservient life as a handmaid in the Republic of Gilead, a republic formed after a bloody coup against the United States government. She and her fellow handmaids are fertile women that the leadersRead MoreEssay about Handmaids Tale vs Persepolis971 Words   |  4 PagesDavid Miller Oppression on Women in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale and Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis Marjane Satrapi, in Persepolis writes about a memoir of a little girl growing in Iran. She refers to a secular pre-revolutionary time through contrast, the oppressive characteristics of the fundamentalist government upon women in specifics. In comparison, her work is very similar to Margaret Atwood’s, A Handmaid’s Tale, in which the central character, Offred, reflects upon her former life’s

From Vergil s Georgics, Book I ( Trans - 1715 Words

2. From Vergil’s Georgics, book I (trans. A.S. Kline 2001) The Georgics is a poem in four books by Latin poet Virgil. The subject of the poem is agriculture; but rather than be about idyllic rural life, there is tension and difficulty. The title is a fitting one, as it is derived from the Greek word georgika, which means â€Å"agriculture† (Perseus Project). The poem is on the subject of early man living off the land, only to have Jupiter (The Roman name for Zeus) add considerably more difficulties in rural life which in turn forces man to adapt or die. The reason for this being is that man must develop skills to survive the harsh wilderness in order to become worthy inhabitants of the land the gods gave them. Essentially, it is survival of the fittest. The poem is crafted with deliberate tension. Of chief importance is the contribution of labour to the success or failure of mankind’s endeavors, agricultural or otherwise. The poem is didactic, and is composed in hexameters, additionally the poem is modeled in a similar manner to Hesiod’s Works and Days. Hesiod’s poem shares similar themes to Georgics, it emphasizes man’s relationship with the land they live on and the importance of hard work to ensure survival. Both poems are didactic, which is a way of writing that emphasizes instructional and informative qualities. This comes as unsurprising as both writers promote labour and emphasizes its importance for achieving a comfortable life. There

Causes Of The American Revolution - 718 Words

The American Revolution took place from 1765 to 1783. There are many well known reasons for the start of the American Revolution like king George III trying to impose tyranny over all the people by heavily taxing the American people and also the problem with trying to control people from the other side of the world. But there is one reason that is often not mentioned, and that is the American Revolution was also fought to preserve slavery. At the time slavery was a normal thing and to think about it being abolished was one of the most radical thoughts one could have. But in 1772 the fate of history was changed for ever, Lord Mansfield a judge of England ruled in the case of an escaped slave named James Somerset who was an escaped†¦show more content†¦The Irony of American Revolution and their fight for freedom became very self evident in the Declaration of Independence when they speak of all men are created equal and â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.† John Dickinson of Pennsylvania wrote during the midst of the stamp act crisis, that since they are being taxed without their own consent â€Å"we are therefore slaves.†(5) This was very ironic because he was the largest slaveholder in philadelphia at the time. This just goes on to prove that many wealthy slave owners were not only fighting for freedom but also to preserve slavery. â€Å"The rhetoric of freedom that animated the Revolution did not apply to America’s original sin, the widespread system of slavery that fueled the southern economy.†(2) In other words the fight for freedom during the American revolution mocked the culture of America for enslaving others, therefore it was a fight for freedom Just for the white males and if the south lost their slaves they lost their economy. In Jeffersons draft of the declaration he strongly denounced the king for continuing the slave trade and introducing it into the colonies, unfortunately these word were dropped with the persuasion of the southern colonies, saying that slavery did not go far as to violate the â€Å"most sacred rights of life and liberty.†(3) Once again this evidence shows that many powerful people but not all of them wanted independence from Britain for the protection of slavery and forShow MoreRelatedThe Revolution : The Cause Of The American Revolution1898 Words   |  8 Pages The American Revolution was the turning point for the colonies that made up the United States today. It was the war that freed the colonists from British control. But what actually caused the American Revolution? Well, there’s no simple answer to that question. In fact, most of the causes acted as if they were dominoes. These events can be categorized in four periods of time or setting. These groups are, Salutary neglect, Mercantilism, Boston, and Unity of protests. Salutary neglect was the ideaRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1202 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history ma ny revolutions took place, ranging from the unremarkable to a truly memorable, as the French revolution, the American Revolution, and the Bolshevik Revolution, but American revolution took place in 1775-1783. The revolution was different from other revolution because of growing tensions between residents of Great Britain’s 13 North American colonies and the colonial government because American revolution was not like the others. This revolution was not like the others becauseRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution738 Words   |  3 Pagesas the American Revolution, or the Revolutionary War. The American Revolution was a war between the colonists of America and Great Britain and they were fighting over the independence of America from Britain. This war lasted until 1781, when the British surrendered to the Americans, As a result, America is a fully independent country and it has stayed that way since that day. There were many causes of the war, The Stamp Act, the Boston Te a Party, and Lexington and Concord. The first cause of theRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution913 Words   |  4 Pages While the american revolution was caused from taxes, it was also formed from the effects of a corrupt system of government. The effects of britains rule was a much bigger flame for the revolution then the taxes placed upon citizens. The american revolution was an event that will forever shape us as a country. It was a tough war filled with blood and brutal acts of violence, but it was also an awakening for the colonies that will later become the United States, it showed that while under a governmentRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution880 Words   |  4 Pages The American Revolution is the most important time in all of American history. This brought the birth of a new country and the treasured constitution. In the beginning, colonists were proud to be British. In the years to come, there were small occurrences that bothered the colonists and led to the Revolution. Other countries contributed to the start of a crueller British control. The French and Indian War caused King George III to introduce expensive taxes (Pavao). These taxes came about becauseRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1335 Words   |  6 Pageswere multiple causes for the American Revolution, but the most important was the violation and deprivation of rights from the American People. The American people were faced with multiple acts and taxes that violated and took away their rights. Americans were continuously being taxed after the French and Indian War by acts like the sugar act, the stamp act, the Townshend acts,the tea act, and many more(Hedtke, et al., The Ame rican Saga). Despite all the taxes being placed on the Americans and the thingsRead MoreCauses of the American Revolution953 Words   |  4 PagesEmily Thou Mr. G./ Period 1 September 14, 2012 Causes of the American Revolution The American Revolution began in 1755 as an open conflict between the thirteen colonies and Great Britain. The Treaty of Paris had ended that war in 1783, giving the colonies their own independence. There are many factors contributing to the start of the Revolution, but the war began as the way The Great Britain treated the colonies versus the way the colonies felt they should be treated. For example, the FrenchRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution886 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution began on April 19, 1775. It was the war between Great Britain and its colonies located in the New World. The colonists, as many historians put it, were like children rebelling against the motherland; however, they had many valid reasons for this revolt, including their desire for freedom and independence. My World History textbook says freedom was falsely promised when the colonists had settled (Krull 868). The more direct causes of this widely known rebellion include taxesRead MoreCaus es Of The American Revolution1344 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Revolution The causes of the American Revolution go back to the beginning of salutary neglect and the French and Indian War, as well as changes in the thinking of society. The effects of these events and other factors led to pressure within the colonies, ultimately resulting in rebellion. There were five factors to the nature of the American Revolution: The Environment, The Enlightenment, Self-Government, Economic Independence and Colonial Unity. The first factor that led to the AmericanRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution813 Words   |  4 PagesCauses Before the American Revolution, any imports from England from us had to come in ships owned by the British. Also, we could only sell tobacco and sugar to England. The British took French territory in Canada, east of the Mississippi River, and Spanish Florida which led to the American Revolution. Due to the war, Britain went in debt so, the British government placed taxes on goods so they could make more money. But that’s not all that led to the American Revolution, both the us and the French

The Theme of Perversity in Edgar Allen Poe’s the Black Cat

The Theme of Perversity in Edgar Allen Poe’s The Black Cat ENG 201 American Literature to 1865 2/28/2012 The Black Cat is a tale that leaves the reader somewhat perplexed. It certainly contains all the ingredients necessary to satisfy the appetite of any Poe enthusiast - an enigmatic narrator, alcohol and the effects thereof, mutilation, strangulation, murder, putrefaction, and, last but not least, one of Poes slight (but recurring) obsessions, perversity - but we are left wondering whether the tale really amounts to anything much at all. One could almost split this short story into two halves: one that contains a couple of ideas worth considering; and another that simply indulges briefly in an unlikely plot before grinding to a†¦show more content†¦One day when the narrator and his wife are visiting the cellar in their new home, the cat gets under its maters feet, nearly tripping him. In a fury, the man grabs an axe and tried to kill the cat but is stopped by his wife and ends up killing her with the axe instead. Near the beginning of the tale, the narrator says he would be mad indeed if he should expect a reader to believe the story implying that he has already been accused of madness. This confession can be applied to the actions the narrator takes until and after he mistakenly murders his wife. During the process of proving that he is not mad, we increasingly see the actions of a madman who knows that he is going mad but who, at times, is able to objectively comment on the process of his increasing madness, Any sane human would most likely (hopefully) seek legal assistance and promptly report such a tragic accident. A reasonable person would understand that certain repercussions for their manslaughter would be necessary but far better than attempting to conceal the crime. The narrator in The Black Cat uses his more vicious judgment and decides to hide her body in the wall. After carefully removing enough bricks, placing the corpse in the empty space, and repairing the hole the narrator feels satisfied with his efforts. When the police come to inves tigate the disappearance, a fewShow MoreRelatedPsychoanalytic Analysis on the Black Cat649 Words   |  3 Pageson The Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe First of all, let us go into the world of â€Å"The Black Cat† and delve into the inner workings of the dark side of the human mind. The Black Cat is a story that leaves the reader perplexed to some extent. It certainly contains all the ingredients necessary to satisfy the appetite of any Poe enthusiast – an enigmatic narrator, alcohol , mutilation, strangulation, murder, and, last but not least, one of Poes slight obsessions, perversity In the story

Malls in America Free Essays

When observing an autocratic atmosphere, one’s mind, body and soul becomes engrossed within their surroundings. Richard Francaviglia highlights this perspective through his article â€Å"The Mall as Disneyland. † H e explains how Walt Disney’s Main Street USA has set the precedent for all malls around America because it incorporates all aspects that entice one to enter this environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Malls in America or any similar topic only for you Order Now David Guterson maintains a similar perspective in relation to Francaviglia’s article. Guterson further enlightens the reader in his article â€Å"The Mall as Prison† on the negative effects the Mall of America has, compared to Disneyland. The previous articles have provided thorough explanations on the social atmosphere of malls, whereas Lizabeth Cohen’s article â€Å"The Mall as Threat to Democratic Values,† addresses the legal aspects of malls in America. Each article, although not identical in their views, are effective in explaining each aspect a mall in America encompasses by using strong evidence to support each position maintained throughout the articles. Walt Disney played a larger role in American society than just providing entertainment; many developers turn to his park, Main Street USA, for ideas when they are designing modern American shopping malls. Walt Disney purposely designed Main Street USA to create a joyful environment. He carefully designed each of his small towns to a specific feature. One of those towns, Main Street USA, sole purpose was social interaction. Shopping malls are an abstract reincarnation of Disney’s Main Street USA. According to Richard Francaviglia in his article â€Å"The Mall as Disneyland,† Disney’s Main Street does not feature those inevitable services that indicate the other side, or darker sides of life. † He did not have pool halls, bars, or funeral parlors in his town. Disney tried to make fantasy come true. He used magical lighting to brighten up his town at night. By placing abstract images in exact spots he made reality appear joyful. Like malls today, Disney made his town so perfect that people would not want to leave. David Guterson’s narrative about the Mall of America delves into several facets that are embedded throughout the mall both physically and mentally. A vivid description about the mall’s interior design makes the audience feel like they have visited the mall. Guterson describes how people, individually and as a society, are affected psychologically by this pseudo-metropolis. The grandeur of the mall is, without question, second to none. Shoppers are drawn to visit because of all the modern frills contained within. A theme ark, arcade, hundreds of shops, and eateries are the staples of the mall, but the gardens, flowers, and trees define the mall as being â€Å"the best of the best. † The atmosphere created by combining â€Å"Mother Earth† with twentieth century technology creates a certain mystique to the mall and gives the shopper a very comfortable place to spend the day or maybe even days. In â€Å"The Mall as Disneyland† Disney himself does not sh ow any form of dark side of life, he created an abstracted image that it is so tempting to confuse with reality. Main Street USA is not the only instance of a shopping center providing an alternate sense of reality. In David Guterson’s writing â€Å"The Mall as Prison†, malls are compared to prisons. Guterson writes about how every mall can be like a prison, or an entrapment for the mind. There are, as Guterson points out, no windows or clocks or anything else to distract you from your shopping. Therefore you are consumed in the atmosphere which was built for the sole purpose of spending money and not thinking of reality. In Lizabeth Cohen’s article she states the legal actions malls have to endure when confronted with situations of free speech and social class. Diverse social groups are no longer integrated into central consumer marketplaces but rather are confined to differentiated retail institutions, segmented markets, and new hierarchies. In â€Å"The Mall as Disneyland† and â€Å"The Mall as A Prison† you are not limited to public shopping malls, according to your social status. Everyone is treated equally. Their main goal is to consume you into their world, the owners of the malls have used business strategies to keep their public focused on one thing; buying. By keeping you engaged with majestic structures and great distractions of light shows, movie theatres, roller coaster and much more. How to cite Malls in America, Papers

Modern China free essay sample

O’Dwyer Imagine if your brother raised your children and your husband visited a few times a week. This is the ancient cultural practice of the Mosuo people – one of the last surviving matriarchal societies in the world. Image: Musuo woman Du Zhi Ma, 68, poses in front colorful Musuo textiles at her home in Luoshui Village on the edge of Lugu Lake. (Dave Tacon) In a remote corner of Southwest China in the Yunnan province, the Mosuo people live as one of the world’s last matriarchal societies. Erin O’Dwyer visited a Mosuo village to produce a documentary for 360documentaries. In the village women are the head of the household, children are raised in the mothers home and uncles play father to their sister’s children. In villages that sprawl around pristine Lake Lugu—high on the Tibetan plateau in Yunnan province, about a day’s journey from the UNESCO World Heritage-listed city Lijiang—women are head of the household. They control the wealth, inherit the property and do most of the manual and household labour. Children are raised in the mothers household and uncles play father to their sister’s children. People say the Mosuo are a matriarchal society but actually it’s a matrilineal society, says French anthropologist Pascale-Marie Milan, who is living with the Mosuo as part of her PhD research. There are matrilineal societies in India and Africa but those societies have marriage. In the Mosuo society there is no marriage. In their custom, the man visits the woman in the night. It’s the only society that does that now. In the Mosuo’s dialect there is no word for husband or father. In a walking marriage, a woman can take as many lovers as she pleases. A man comes to a woman’s house at night, arriving under cover of darkness and leaving again before dawn. The relationship is only made public once children come along. Even then, lovers live separately and can end their relationship easily. Adult males stay living in their mother’s homes, and the childr en and property always belong to the mother. Image: The Mosuo girls dress in elaborate costumes for the fire dance. If a boy is interested in a girl he taps her on the hand during the dance. (Dave Tacon) Image: Mosuo villagers perform a fire dance for tourists. (Dave Tacon) Anthropologists believe walking marriages could have begun as early as the 8th century. It was a way of protecting family wealth and keeping the family clan together. And despite a push towards traditional marriage from the Chinese Government for the past half-century, walking marriage is still the norm among the Mosuo. Its practised as widely by young people in their twenties as it is among their grandparents. Because we do walking marriage, we have no idea what it’s like to live with your wife in a conventional marriage, says a 23-year-old Mosuo man, who lives with his mother, grandmother, two older sisters and two of his eldest sister’s children. Walking marriage was part of our culture from ancient times so I as a Mosuo boy should follow the tradition. In the Mosuo’s dialect there is no word for husban d or father. In a walking marriage, a woman can take as many lovers as she pleases. A man comes to a woman’s house at night, arriving under cover of darkness and leaving again before dawn. Now, though, the Mosuos ancient ways are at the mercy of modern China. Domestic tourism is exploding across the country and tourists are coming to Lake Lugu in rapidly rising numbers. The same new roads that bring the tourists to see the Mosuo’s rare culture and stunning mountain-and-lake home are also taking young people away from the villages for the first time. Teahouse owner Xiao Ming, 25, spent five years working in factories in Guan Dong province before returning to Lake Lugu two years ago. He came home wanting to find a girl and settle down. In the city I realised that our way of seeing relationships is totally different, says Xiao Ming. People I met didn’t know about our walking marriage. I was dating a girl and I told her about our traditions and she said she wouldn’t be my girlfriend anymore. He continues, What I discovered in the city is that one woman is meant to be with one man. In the city I saw older people holding hands and walking in the park to gether. I feel like relationships should be stable and you should stay together for better or for worse. You Zhen Zhuo Ma, a medical student in her mid-twenties studying in neighbouring Sichuan province, is more circumspect. She says she will continue walking marriage if the right guy comes along. But already she is one of the best educated people in her village. In the end her decision to honour Mosuo traditions will depend on whether she returns to Lake Lugu to live and work. Image: Aya Si Geng Ma, 69, the head of a Mosuo household of eleven in Luoshui Village on the edge of Lugu Lake, carries food scraps to be fed to pigs in the courtyard of her familes home. The region around Lugu Lake is home to the matriarchial Musuo ethnic minority who practice Tibetan Buddhism. Mosuo women are responsible for much of their households manual labor. (Dave Tacon) Image: Young Mosuo men enjoy beer and a card called called Fighting the Landlord at a village near Lugu Lake. (Dave Tacon) But I don’t think our culture will necessarily change because of better education, she says. With more education, people are able go out and learn more about the world. They learn alternative ways of thinking and can voice their opinions and consider any problems in more dynamic ways. Image: La Chuo Zhu Ma, 27, in traditional dress before a fire dance in Xiaoluoshui, a village on the edge of Lugu Lake. Each night, around 400 tourists are charged 30 CNY (around 50 cents) to attend these spectacles. Profits are evenly distributed throughout the surrounding villages. (Dave Tacon) Hear more about the Mosuo and their way of life at 360documentaries. From http://www. abc. net. au/radionational/programs/360/kingdom-of-women/4649198 accessed Monday, 6 May 2013 Read page 1 amp; 2 then listen to the documentary ( at https://soundcloud. com/abc_rn/kingdom-of-women ) or use the file on moodle. What is a matriarchal society? (what characteristics define it in this document and audio presentation) . . . Women are the head of the household; children are raised in the mothers home and uncles play father to their sister’s children. 2 Why do people want to visit the Mosuo? Because of their culture. 3 What are the features of new society mentioned at 8-9 minutes? Washing mach ine, high speed internet, satellite TV, ipads, clothes 4 Pork house? How long do pigs stay in the pork house? 10 years 5 When are the pigs/pork used? Festivities 6 They talk to the son at 13 minutes. What is his job? Build houses, do the heavy labour work, go down to the field, tourist, help his sister. 7 What do the women do? Take care of the children and animals, housework, the cooking. 8 At what age do they become adults? 13 9 But when do they start walking marriage? 18 10 What happens if they declare their walking marriage? (at about 15 minutes) They have children and they stay together until the death of their partner. 11 What is the dance that it mentioned in the audio (17:45). Fire dance, dressing up 12 What do they do during the dance to let the other person know if they are interested in them? 1/22 mins Dance around the fire, holding hands together. When boys are interested in someone, they will touch that person three times, and if the girls are interested too, she will response and do the same thing to the boy too. 13 What is the name of the goddess (23mins) Gemu 14 What is important about the lake? lake keep them alive and feed their family 15 Who/what is the Dahba (24mins) Local sham an 16 What does the Dahba do? (25mins) Protect Mosuo and locals. 17 What is the â€Å"Life and Death Gate†? Small cupboard 18 What has tourism brought to the village? More changes 9 How is tourism a blessing and a curse? It brings prosperity to the village, makes the village more unsafe 20 What are the moral restrictions on Walking Marriage? (32. 30min) Stay together if the relationship is public and the whole village will know. If one of them doesn’t like the other they will criticize them and the whole village will know. 21 What does a Mosou family leader do? Start the fire, burn incense, re-new the fruit offerings to the gods, make breakfast, feed pigs, and organize chores for the day, take everything in the household. 22 Who is responsible for the children? Everybody 23 What type of tea is shared? (37 mins) Thick Yak butter tea 24 How did the rich family punish her? (38mins) and what work did she do for them? She takes care the animals. Tie her hands and spray her with cold water. 25 What happened when the Red Army arrived? The rich landlords fled and officials made her head of the household. 26 What was the result of the Cultural Revolution? Stop practicing their tradition 27 What is the Mosou boat called? Pig’s trough boat 28 Cha Ming left Lake Lugu as a 17yo. Now he has returned, why? Tired of that kind of working life. 9 How has his view of marriage changed? Because of a girl he learnt that normally woman is supposed to be with one man. It made him wanted to settle down with one girl and marry her and stay with her 30 Modernisation is changing things; travel into the valley is now reduced to 6 hours. More tourists come. There are not many jobs so this encourages people to move away. A new airport will bring more high end tour ists. What are the anticipated problems? (45-47 mins) Bring more high end cooperatives, they get less shared of the wealth, the culture maybe deistroy.

The Importance of the clothing in Different Religious Groups

Introduction There is no single religion, whether universal or local, that does not have its own beliefs about the relationship between the body and God. This can be attributed to the relevance of different types of clothes that are used in these different religions. This paper will focus on three main denominations: Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of the clothing in Different Religious Groups specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The paper will also look at the different religious clothes that these three denominations have and the way they use them to practice their religion. The discussions will also compare the relevance of some of the common clothes that the three religions have. Religious clothes and their importance in Christianity Christianity is arguably the most dominant denomination in the world today. Christians believe that the body is a gift from God, thu s it should be treated with respect. They also believe that there is a relationship between the thought system and the body. Christians believe that an idle body is free and easily manipulated by the devil. They claim that the individual in question should have respectful thoughts about other people for the body to remain pure. Christians believe that the body withers away and the soul that was in the body goes back to God after the death of an individual. This might be the reason why Christians believe that the body is a temple of God because it holds the spirit, which is the breath of God (Price and www.abiblecommentary.com, 2010). The history of Christianity shows that early Christians had several religious clothing. One such clothing is the veil. The veil among the early Christians was used to cover the head of a woman when in the temple. The veil was a way of humbling the woman before God and a show of respect towards the woman’s husband. In this day and age, there are s ome groups in Christianity who still find the veil relevant in prayer. Even though there are a lot of controversies on the relevance of the veil among Christians, some of them still wear them. There are various groups of worshippers in Christianity, and some of these groups encourage their followers to wear the veil when they are praying. This is the case with Catholics where nuns wear a form of veil when they are in church. Another type of clothing that the Christians have used in their worship rituals is the cloak. The early Christians used to wear the cloak as their everyday dress. However, Christians adopted this dressing as a religious kind of dressing. In this day and age, the cloak is used by the religious leaders in Christianity.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The cloak is a robe that the religious leaders wear on a daily basis. This cloak is very important for ident ification of the religious leaders in the institutions in question. It is also very possible that the religious leaders of this denomination are imitating the dressing sense of the time when Jesus Christ was born. In Christ’s era, the men wore robes and the women had to wear veils. Price and www.abiblecommentary.com (2010) argue that the Christians of today might not know the relevance of these types of clothing, yet they still use them because they believe that the characters in the Bible also wore the same clothes. Generally, Christianity is the most flexible religion when it comes to clothing. It does not offer serious repercussions for provocative dressing. This is unlike Islam that requires all its believers to conform to the religions dressing code. Today, many Christians do not feel like there is any connection between religious clothing and spirituality. There are religious leaders who have completely abandoned the religious robes and other pieces of clothing that the y are expected to wear in favor of a suit. Early Christians also had the peace Mala. This is a bracelet that showed respect to God. It was worn to mean that one was spiritual. This bracelet was not used to cover anything, but it acted as a form of identification for the spiritual people in the society. Today, there are some denominations that still use the peace Mala, for example the Catholics. Religious clothes and their importance in Buddhist The Buddhists also have their own beliefs on the importance of certain kinds of clothing in their religion. Unlike the Christians and Muslims, Buddhists do not use veils during their religious rituals. Many of the monks in this religion have completely shaved their heads. This is also true for the bhikkhunis, who are female Buddhist religious leaders. However, the Buddhists also have their own religious clothes. One of the clothes that are common among the Buddhists is the robe cloth. This is a cloth that is used to cover the entire body. It is mostly used by the monks and the nuns. The robes are usually made from ‘pure’ cloths and their relevance is that they cover the entire body to make it pure. In the early days of the Buddhist religion, this robe was dyed and made to have a yellow orange color. Today, only one group of Buddhists still wears these types of robes, the Theravada monks. Another piece of clothing that is used in this religion is the triple and five-fold robe. The robe is made up of the uttarasanga, antaravasaka, and sanghati. The uttarasanga robe always covers the right hand side of the individual wearing it. All the three mentioned robes are relevant in covering the body.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of the clothing in Different Religious Groups specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many Buddhist groups wear the robes in an attempt to be purified. They believe that some of these clothes also protect their body parts from evil. The monks also value the bathing cloth. This is a very important cloth to their religion because it is used to clean the body whenever the individual wants to. The rice paddy is also very common cloth among the monks. This cloth covers parts of the body. It is made of strips of cloth, thus there are some body parts that might be left exposed. There are several monks who do not use all these robes. All the different types of clothes that the monks use are used to cover their entire bodies. They believe that the body is holy and must be kept that way. The monks use the robes to cover their bodies so that the devil does not cause them to stray (Strong, 2004). The Buddhists also believe that there are some parts of the body that are unclean, thus they are unholy. One such part of the body is the feet. Many of them do not cover the feet. They walk barefoot because they believe that the foot itself is dirty. The Buddhists only cover body parts that they consider holy and clean (Mrozik, 2007). The Buddhists believe in life after death. They believe that there is no need for the body if it has no soul. Strong (2004) explains that according to this religion, the soul is the part that thinks. Therefore, Buddhists claim that the body is a husk that holds the soul in it. The soul becomes free and the body becomes meaningless when one dies. This is explained as the reason behind the practice of cremating the dead among Buddhists. The Buddhists express their faith by kneeling down in the temple towards the statues of the Buddha. They also believe, like the Christians, that emotions cannot be separated from the body. Their religion allows them to wear decently in order to think decently. This, in turn, helps them keep their bodies clean. Religious clothes and their importance in Islam Islam is arguably the most conservative religion among the three religions that are discussed in this paper. The relevance of clothing, the body parts they cover, and the ways they are used in their religion are very important. The women are required to wear specific clothes in order to cover several parts of their body. One such clothing is the Hijab. This is a piece of clothing that covers the head of a Muslim woman. Different Islamic groups have different rules on how the women should wear the Hijab. Generally the cloth is supposed to cover the hair completely. The women also wear a robe kind of clothing. This type of clothing has different names in different places. However, the Islam religion requires the women to show modesty in their clothing (Hawting, 2000).Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The women can also wear the Nijab. This is a type of Hijab that covers the entire face. Only the eyes are visible when the women wear the Nijab. Many Muslim women do not wear the Nijab because it has no religious significance. It is, however, used to ward off molesters (Esposito, 2004). The men, on the other hand, wear the dishdasha. These are dress-like clothes that also cover their entire body. The cloth is loose and white in color. However, in some regions, the men are allowed to wear dishdasha’s that have various colors. This cloth is seen as pure because the prophet Muhammad also wore it (Ali Leaman, 2007). The men also have to wear a hat. This is a tiny hat that covers the center of the head (Williams, 2008). The hat is important when they are in the mosque. It is, however, not wrong for a Muslim man to wear the hat outside the mosque. The Muslims believe that the human body should also be preserved in its purest form. This is why Muslims refuse their dead to be taken to morgues. Their religion requires them to bury their dead in not more than a day after they have passed on. Muslims believe that putting the body of the deceased in a morgue tampers with its purity. They also believe in life after death. The Muslims believe that the body of the deceased remains on the earth and withers away, but the spirit or the soul is still alive. Ali and Leaman (2007) explain that there are some Muslim groups that believe that the person is still able to feel pain after death, even though the body has withered away. These groups of Muslims believe that the wrong things that individuals do before they die hurt them when they are in the grave. Among the discussed religious groups, it is only the Muslims who believe that thinking continues even after the body has withered. The Muslims believe that the body is still present but without a soul when a person dies. Muslims never speak ill of the dead. They know that the body is also very important for their religion because they use it to express their faith. Muslims bow, kneel, and stand up as they chant their prayers (Ali Leaman, 2007). The fact that Muslims have an entire month of fasting shows that they would do anything to ensure that their bodies are clean, holy, and pure according to the requirements of their religion. This religious group, like the rest, also believes that emotions are inseparable from the body. Discussion It is important to note that all these three religions have their own clothes that they use for worship. Despite the fact that these clothes are different, all the three religious groups believe they have to also use the right clothing for their worship to be genuine. Among the three religions, Christianity has the least restrictions when it comes to dressing. Many Christians do not follow a specific dressing culture. However, the clergy of this religious group have their own religious clothing. The other two religious groups mentioned wear their religious clothes in order to keep their bodies pure. The Buddhists and the Muslims both wear robes. The robes are different, but their purpose is similar. The three religions also have a similar use of the peace Mala. The early believers of these three religious groups used these bracelets to identify themselves as religious people. They also believed that the bracelet would protect them from evil. Muslims, being the most conservative of the three religious groups, place a lot of value on their dressing. They also have specific pieces of clothes that are used during prayers. The prayer mat is one of the most important clothes to any Muslim. They kneel on the mat when they are praying. Many of the Muslims do not wear these religious clothes alone. It is common to find that they wear other types of clothes beneath the religious clothes. It is not only the Muslims who have modified their religious clothing, but the Buddhists have also modified their clothing. Conclusion Most religious groups have associa ted dressing with spirituality. It is, however, important to note that the early believers of these religious groups were more convinced in the importance of covering several parts of the body. The believers of today have either abandoned their religious clothing completely, or they have modified it. This can be attributed to the effect of fashion on religion. From the discussion presented, all the three religions use robes as a form of religious clothing. However, in Christianity, the robes are nowadays specific to the clergy. Muslims and Buddhists still wear religious robes. The robes differ in terms of color and how they are wrapped around the body. The three religions also have jewelry that accompanies the clothes. One such common jewelry is the peace Mala that was used to identify the religious people among Christians. References Ali, K., Leaman, O. (2007). Islam: The key concepts. London, UK: Routledge Esposito, J. (2004). Islam: The straight path. London, UK: Oxford Universi ty Press. Hawting, G. R. (2000). The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750. New York, NY: Routledge. Mrozik, S. (2007). Virtuous bodies: The physical dimensions of morality in Buddhist ethics. London, UK: Oxford University Press Price, B., www.abiblecommentary.com (2010). First Corinthians Bible commentary – a bible commentary on First Corinthians. Elkhart, IN, Brad Price. Strong, J. S. (2004). Relics of the Buddha. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press Williams, J. (2008). Islam: Understanding the history, beliefs, and culture. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers, Inc. This essay on The Importance of the clothing in Different Religious Groups was written and submitted by user Andy H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

College Essay Rubric Sample - 3 Benefits to Using One

College Essay Rubric Sample - 3 Benefits to Using OneMany students find the use of a college essay rubric sample to be invaluable. It may come as a surprise, but there are indeed a number of benefits to using an essay rubric to structure your essay. However, when choosing an essay rubric, it is important to make sure that you know what you are getting into before you start your assignment.First, there is the question of which college essay rubric to choose. The good news is that you do not have to use a college essay rubric to write a college essay. You can use a piece of writing software to write an essay, or if you have access to a computer, you can even dictate your essay to a friend. What you want to make sure of is that the college essay rubric that you are using is one that best fits your needs.Second, there is the question of which college essay rubric to avoid. Again, if you have access to a computer, you do not have to worry about this part. However, for many people who do n ot have access to a computer, the college essay rubric sample may be just what they need.Third, there is the question of which college essay rubric to remember. Remember, when choosing an essay rubric, you are not just choosing one method for all of your essays. You are choosing one particular essay rubric for your entire coursework. Make sure that you know what to do with the different essay rubrics that you use so that you will not find yourself dealing with the same essay rubric over again.Fourth, there is the question of whether or not you should really use a college essay rubric sample at all. Some people feel that using a college essay rubric is unnecessary, especially if you are working with a writing software program. If you are concerned about using one, it is important to remember that there are a number of benefits to using a college essay rubric. These benefits include the fact that the essay you create is your own, unlike a writing software program.Also, the college ess ay rubric allows you to go into the process with the utmost confidence. Because you can write the essay all by yourself, you know that you are making the best choice for yourself. This means that when you finish your essay, you will know that you did not use a writing software program to write it. Just because a college essay rubric is used does not mean that you should stop learning other ways to structure your own essays.Overall, using a college essay rubric sample is important. If you do not choose one, you may not know how to structure your essays correctly. For most students, choosing a college essay rubric sample is the first step to writing better essays.

Are You Acquainted with Construction of Roller Crusher Essays

Are You Acquainted with Construction of Roller Crusher Essays Are You Acquainted with Construction of Roller Crusher Essay Are You Acquainted with Construction of Roller Crusher Essay As we all know that the roll crusher is one mining machine which can be often seen in the jobsites, which is mainly used for crushing the materials such as the pebbles, quartz and ceramics and whose another name is teeth roll crusher. However, do you know the construction of roller crusherAdjustment device is used to adjust the gap between the two broken roller size (that is, the row ore mouth), it is through the increase or decrease in the number of gasket between the two roller bearing, or use the worm gear adjusting mechanism to adjust and to control the broken product granularity.The roller crusher rollerIs a device on the horizontal axis parallel to the two opposite rotary roller, it is an important task of the breaker.One of the roller bearing (pictured right) is movable, the other a roller bearing is fixed, the broken roller is made up of shaft, wheel hub and roll leather.Roll axis adopt key cooperate together with conical surface of wheel, roller fixed on the wheel hub, with three pieces of taper arc iron, using bolt and nut are fixed together.Because the roller skin of roller crusher (chinaquarry.com/products_show/roll_crusher.html) direct contact with minerals, so it need often change, and is commonly used to wear good high manganese steel or carbon steel special chromium (chromium steel, manganese steel, etc.) production.The spring safety deviceIt is important for roll crusher a parts, spring tightness, the ore crusher work normally and overload protection has a very important role.Machine to work properly, the pressure of the spring should be able to balance between the two rollers of force, to keep the row ore mouth gap, make the product granularity.When the breaker into the broken objects, spring should be compressed, forcing movable crushing roller lateral movement, row ore mouth width increases, ensure the machine from damage.The broken object, after being ruled out spring restorable, machine work as usual.Transmission

John Jay College GPA, SAT and ACT Scores for Admission

John Jay College GPA, SAT and ACT Scores for Admission John Jay College GPA, SAT and ACT Graph CUNY John Jay College GPA, SAT Scores and ACT Scores for Admission. Data courtesy of Cappex. How Do You Measure Up at John Jay College? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex. Discussion of John Jay Colleges Admissions Standards: The CUNY  John Jay College of Criminal Justice has moderately selective admissions. The admissions bar is not overly high, but the college gets enough applications to keep the acceptance rate well below 50%. In the scattergram above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. You can see that most admitted students had a GPA of 2.5 or higher, an ACT composite score of 18 or better, and a combined SAT score (RWM) of roughly 950 or higher. In the middle of the graph, youll notice a few red dots (rejected students) and yellow dots (waitlisted students) overlapping with the green and blue. This means that some students who were potentially on target for admission to John Jay College were not admitted. On the flip side, a few students were accepted with test scores and grades below the norm. This is because the CUNY application used by all of the CUNY campuses is evaluated holistically. John Jay College and the other CUNY schools want to see high grades in rigorous courses and strong test scores, but they also take into consideration your application essay and letters of recommendation. To learn more about John Jay College, high school GPAs, SAT scores and ACT scores, these articles can help: John Jay College Admissions ProfileWhats a Good SAT Score?Whats a Good ACT Score?Whats Considered a Good Academic Record?What is a Weighted GPA? Related Articles: The CUNY CollegesSAT Score Comparison for the CUNY CampusesTop New York Colleges and Universities If You Like John Jay College, You May Also Like These Schools Stony Brook University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCUNY Hunter College:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAdelphi University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphNew York University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity at Albany:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphFordham University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCUNY Lehman College:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphHofstra University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBinghamton University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSUNY Buffalo State:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCollege of Staten Island CUNY:  Profile  University of New Haven:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

Have British governments been 'tough' or 'tolerant' on race and Essay

Have British governments been 'tough' or 'tolerant' on race and immigration - or have they simply 'muddled through' - Essay Example The national security forces are engaged in patrolling the shoreline of the country so that illegal immigration can be reduced in terms of intensity and volume. Historically, the English policy towards managing illegal immigration was quite lenient but with the passage of time, as economic conditions got worse then, the immigration policy tightened. The governmental offices do not waste much time in deporting the illegal visitors so that population growth should be kept under control. The national per-capita income reduced significantly during the past few years. The dropdown of per-capita income is considered a direct response towards national level failure of the country in making a switch from industrialization to services. The English administrators and government are notorious for their egoistic attitudes and therefore, they attempted to carry out industrialization and services in parallel while, failing to keep their cost advantage intact in the global market. The English and A merican products were literally beaten up by the Chinese ones in the boundary-less marketplace (Nolan 2001). The American industrialists responded to the challenge effectively by outsourcing their productions to China whereas, the English business professionals falsely tried to save their national pride. The consequences of a wrong and unduly enforced strategic choice are becoming obvious in terms of lowering Gross Domestic Product and per-capita income. The nationalism is the one concept that experienced significant level of deformation in the recent years and the English government attempted to revitalize a dying notion that resulted in a prevailing horrific fiscal conditions (Burgoyne 2000). Previously, the nation was more than happy in accommodating immigrants who had a clean criminal record in the home country and used them as a means of promoting itself in the form of a humanitarian nation. The actual cause of helping the immigrants is to counteract negative growth of populati on while, increasing available and willing workforce. Thusly, the immigration policy of England was quite relaxed and the gaining of entry was also relatively easy in the past. The relaxed immigration policy was a manifestation of excellent economic conditions that were known to prevail in the last years of 20th century. However, as the world entered into the electronic era of the 21st century then, it rapidly converged to become a global village. The economic interdependencies increased and nations developed growing number of collaborative contractual agreements in order to manage the uncertainty of the global economic system (Hannon, Huang, & Jaw 1995). The technology improved and helped the global economic leaders in attaining widening cost related advantages as their ability to attain economies of scale and scope developed and strengthened. Nevertheless, Britain felt reluctant towards collaboration of their corporate activities with rest of the world and therefore, experienced l oneliness in the global market. Additionally, the national ability to develop and implement efficient technology reduced. In this way, the leading economy of the past failed in terms of sniffing the winds and due to this reason, it readily failed to maintain a proper and respectable place in the changing world order (Jensen 2002). The English philosophers are believed to be the providers of management theories and other

Yourself & your best qualities or leadership skills are Essay

Yourself & your best qualities or leadership skills are - Essay Example I realized that if I will work upon the ability of mine I could become a good leader. In this struggle to become an individual with good and strong leadership, I learned a lot. According to numerous others and me, the best qualities of mine are communication and emotional intelligence. Over the period with various experiences, I learnt that good communication is not just about presenting ideas in a better way but is also about good skills of listening and understanding other person point of view without any mental hindrance and pre-conceived blockage. Only an individual who is able to listen to others better will be able to make other listen to him because communication is a two-way street. Emotional intelligence helped me to understand the background, importance and value people assign to their beliefs and perception regarding any subject. This understanding helped me to communicate better by helping me to develop my communication content in a more correct manner so that it does not harm the initiative by being disregardful to the individual being communicated to. Besides these, the most important quality of a leader is his vision and strategy towards the goal and about its achievement procedure (What are Good Leadership Skills, 2007). It is necessary for a leader to have vision to see the long-term effects of the strategies in place and the future need for the organization. Only when a leader would be able to develop his strategies in regards of future benefits and goals he would be able to lead his team in a better way. This again is something, which I am learning with time and experience, and in this regard, experience is the best teacher. I firmly believe that realizing the importance of teamwork is an essential attribute of a good leader. This is because if a leader were not able to realize the importance and power of teamwork, then there would not be much difference in a leader and a dictator. A team of qualified

Bharti AIRTEL Case Study

Bharti AIRTEL Case Study Bharti Airtel is a public limited company commonly known as AIRTEL .it is a Indian telecom company which is currently operating its business across south Asia, Africa and channel islands, it is also into the GSM providing business in all the countries including 2G3G services. Due to its operations in 19 countries, Airtel is now the 5th largest telecom operator in the world with over207.8 million subscribers at the end of 2010. It is the largest cellular service provider in India with over153 million subscribers, behind china mobile and china Unicom Airtel is the third largest operator by subscriber base. TYPE public INDUSTRY telecommunication FOUNDED 7 JULY 1995 FOUNDER Sunil Bharti mittal HEADQUATER New Delhi AREA SERVED South Asia, Africa, Channel Island SERVICES Mobile network Wireless Landline Broadband Satellite television REVENUE 9.290 billion OPERATING INCOME 2.313 billion PROFITS 2.079 billion TOATAL ASSESTS 15.527 billion TOTAL EQUITY 9.491 billion EMPLOYEES 24,501 PARENT Bharti Enterprise (63.45%) SingTel (32.15%) Vodafone (4.4%) WEBSITE airtel .com BOARD OF DIRECTORS Sunil Bharti Mittal Manoj Kohli Joint Akhil Gupta Chua Sock Koong Tan Yong Choo Nikesh Arora Pulak Chandan Prasad Lord Evan Mervyn Davies H.E. Dr Salim Ahmad Salim Tsun-yan Hsieh Rajan Bharti Mittal Rakesh Bharti Mittal Craig Ehrlich Ajay Lal Bashir Abdulla Currimjee Mauro Sentinelli N.Kumar H.R POLICIES OF ORGANIZATION Strategic human management means formulating and executing human resource policies and practices of the organization that produce the employee competencies and behaviours the company needs to achieve its strategic aims. The strategic plan implies certain workforce requirement, in terms of employee skills, attributes, and behaviours that HR must deliver to enable the business to achieve its strategic goals. SERVICE RULE In Airtel you are an at will employee, this mean you are working at your own will without any force or pressure, before you join the company you must sign terms and condition agreement that will state corporate governance of the company that must be followed by all employees, in violation of the agreement, it can lead to termination of the employment. Employees must report to their superior and maintain disciplinary work. All employees will be paid monthly by cheque procedure. In case of leave employees must draft a detailed application mentioning the reason for leave. Lunch break of 1 hr will be provided Camera monitoring will be done to check the fair work of the employee. PROMOTION POLICY RULE A Policy under which employee gets promotion in the organization which is a reward for excellent performance. Generally to be eligible for promotion a employee must have successfully completed 6 months of employment in Airtel . Internal application process is being carried out and previous records are checked and performance is analysed. Further written test and interviews are done for promotion process. WAGE STRUCTURE The internal relationship between different jobs and wages helps the firm to decide its wage structure. 60% of Employees in Airtel are on variable pay structure which means they are paid according to their work done. At AIRTEL strong pay for performance culture maintains the internal equity. AIRTEL take into consideration factors such as performance and maintaining internal equity to ensure people at same level (in the organization hierarchy) and same performance are paid at the same level. EMPLOYESS MOTIVATION AND WELFARE SCHEMES Motivation is an effective tool for inspiring the workforce and creating confidence among the employees. The work force will be satisfied if management provides them with opportunities to fulfil their physiological and psychological needs. The workers will cooperate voluntarily with management and will contribute maximum to organizational goal. The rates of labour turnover and absenteeism among workers will be low. There will be good human relations in the organisation as friction among the workers themselves and between the workers and management will decrease. AIRTEL always promotes motivation by rewarding the talent through a TOTAL REWARDS APPROACH, performance bonuses, guaranteed cash and also stock option. Tremendous growth in career opportunities makes life at AIRTEL exciting and encouraging towards performance. Motivation tools like on job grooming, involvement in key projects, monitoring programs and exposure across various businesses, AIRTEL offers all its employees, guaranteed job satisfaction resulting in a Total Employee Proposition. Family friendly work options: Flexible time system, telecommuting , part time options. Maternity/ post natal benefits: 12 weeks maternity leave, leave extendable up to 6 months, flexi work location, flexi /part time options. Revised sabbatical policy: Allows for time off for enhancing education up to 1 year personal exigencies limited to half yearly . Travel policy revision: Includes two additional safety norms for women employees. Employee referral policy: Enhanced monetary benefits for referring women employees across all levels. Mentoring program: Initiated for high potential middle management women employees mentoring by senior women supervisor. HEALTH SAFETY RULES All employees have to submit a medical certificate mentioning the physical and psychological fitness. Regular medical check up promotion is done by the AIRTEL group. Suppliers dealing with Bharti Airtel shall comply and adhere to all laws, regulations and guidelines on environment, health and safety. Suppliers will ensure that all new service offerings as well as new product designs are in compliance with the relevant environmental regulation and guidelines, at the time of implementation at Bharti Airtel. TRAINNING AND DEVELOPMENT Vast pool of human resource time to time upgraded in terms of leadership and technical skills through various outsourced and in house training development activities such as process and project management skills and technical skills. By providing world class resources and combined efforts by AIRTEL many employees are being trained and developed to become future leaders . The companys HR is continuously working on launching various initiatives like on job training, apprenticeship training, programmed learning, simulated development, computer base training. AIRTEL also believes in internet based training which includes Teletraining Videoconferencing Development initiative by the company is directed by job rotation in which a management trainee moves department to department for overall learning in organisation. Case study method is also adopted by AIRTEL. Outside seminars are arranged for both employees and employer. (b) Identify any 3 Jobs (one each at Entry Level, Middle Level and Senior Level) within that chosen company. Entry level- sales executive (broadband) Middle level- Area manager (sales) Senior level- General Manager (new business development) JOB DESCRIPTION JOB SPECIFICATION Job description- A list of a jobs duties, responsibilities, reporting relationship, working conditions, and supervisory responsibilities. Job specifications- A list of a jobs human requirements, that is, the requisite education, skills, personality, and so on. Job description Sales executive- main aim is to sell broadband connections to the multinational corporation. Cultivate new broadband customers. Briefing the new product regarding broadband to customer Field survey to gather new demand preference in the market Job specification Experience 1 to 2 years Location Ncr/ Delhi Compensation : Rupees 65000 1,22,000 Education: UG GRADUATE, ANY SPECIALIZATION, PGDM in any area Industry Type: Retail Role: Sales Exec./Officer Functional Area: Sales, Job description Area manager- Achieve targeted net adds for all products (voice prepaid/post-paid, data, VAS etc), ensuring quality, across all available sales channels (Distribution, Retail) / CS in the area office Achieve channel infrastructure enhancement targets. Achieve revenue sales target across all products and channels of organisation Manage changes in , organization, trends, people to ensure quality satisfaction with continuity and smooth operations Coaching, monitoring, mentoring and retention of team member Job specification Experience: 9 12 Years Location Ncr / delhi Education UG Graduate Any Specialization PG Course good communication skills Industry Type: Telecom/ISP Role: Area Manager Functional Area: Sales, Job description General manager- To formulate new business development strategies identifying new business opportunities. To manage the IT sector within the organization. Mange the corporate affairs with other multinational corporation Building strong connections with business partners. Strategy and Implementation of All Business SLAs Managing client SLAs for operations Transition management account growth Cross-functional collaboration to enhance performance improved strategies. Workflow Management, Hiring support capacity planning Setting-up and managing operational practices Identify opportunity areas and implement the process for more improved strategies Job specification Experience: 14 20 Years Location: NCR/ delhi Education: UG Graduate Any Specialization PGDM/MBA Any specialization , excellent communication skills Industry Type: telecom Role: Head//GM-Operations Functional Area: IT, research development. DETAILED RECRUITMENT AND STAFFING PROCEDURE AIRTEL HIRING PROCESS APPLICATIONS In AIRTEL existing opening are monitored and accordingly position procedure are being carried out matching candidates profile and area of interest. SCREENING Matching of the profile is done by the company with respect to its requirements and needs. ASSESMENT An aptitude test is required for the job of front line sales. For considering the middle and senior level job occupational personality questionnaire done. INTERVIEW Airtel takes 1-3 rounds of interview process. VERIFICATION In case of final selection credentials are being verified by the company before joining of the candidate. After this process final appointment letter is being offered with companys terms condition memo, that every employee must sign. COMPENSATION PATTERN: INCENTIVES AND BENEFITS AIRTEL FOLLOWS Performance and pay policy Incentive pay scheme- managers often use two terms synonymously incentive plan for the employees, that is applicable to sales over the target achieved. As discussed earlier 60% of the AIRTEL employees are on variable pay that ties to pay to productivity or profitability in one time lump sum. Merit pay as in incentive is generally done by the company for excellent performance by employee in last term of his/her employment AIRTEL also provides NON- MONETARY incentives which includes Employee recognition Gift certificates Special events Merchandise incentives Free training programs Commission plan BENEFITS Benefits are indirect financial and non financial payments employees receive for continuing their employment. They include things like health and life insurance, pensions, time off with pay, and child care assistance. DISCRETIONARY BENEFITS PROVIDED BY AIRTEL EMPLOYER Life and health insurance for family and dependents Housing, subsidiary on housing loans subsidiary ,conveyance allowance, telephone and entertainment allowance, recreational benefits like health clubs and hobby classes, soft loans for asset building. Different types of leaves like study leave, extraordinary leave. Executive perquisites like chauffeur driven car, petrol allowance, and family holidays. Pay for time not worked benefits for time not worked such as unemployment insurance, vacation, and holiday pay, and sick pay. EFFECTIVE TRAINING AND METHODOLOGIES AIRTEL EFFECTIVE TRAINING METHODS For effective training five steps are followed The first, or needs analysis step, identifies the specific job performance skills needed, assesses the prospective trainees skilled and develops specific, measurable knowledge and performance objective based on any deficiencies. In the second step instructional design, you decide on, compile, and produce the training program content, including workbooks, exercise and activities. There may be a third validation step, in which the bugs are worked out of the training program by presenting it to a small representative audience. The fourth step is to implement the program, by actual training the targeted employee group. Fifth is the evaluation step, I which management assesses the programs successes or failures. METHODOLOGIES ADOPTED BY AIRTEL On job training means having a person learn a job actually doing it. Every employee from mailroom clerk to CEO gets on job training when he or she joins the company. Informal learning after a survey done by AIRTEL it was discovered that 80% of the employees learn on the job they learn not through formal training program but through informal means, including performing their jobs on a daily basis in collaboration with their colleagues. Job instruction training program takes place every month in AIRTEL in which logical sequence of steps are best taught step by step. On quarterly basis programmed learning is followed by AIRTEL in which self learning methods that consist of Presenting questions, facts, or problems to learner Allowing the person to respond Providing feedback on the accuracy of answers. OTHER MODEL METHODOLOGIES Computer base training Internet based training Organizing virtual classroom Research method Case study methods University-related programs Role playing Behaviour modelling In house development centre SUITABLE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Performance management- a process that consolidates goal setting, performance appraisal, and development into a single, common system, the aim of which is to ensure that the employees performance is supporting the companys strategic aim. In AIRTEL performance management system is by the process of planning, monitoring, developing, rating, and rewarding. AIRTEL also focuses on its key result areas (KRA) for better management. AIRTEL performance appraisal include Informal review Formal review IDP Appraisal review and Appeal. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Bharti AIRTEL is doing exceptionally well in recent times it is expected with same quality services in the present scenario it will overtake china Unicom in few years making it the world leader in telecommunication. Entering in African and Channel Island indicates it desire for expansion and to become globally known company, with the same pace it might also enter in other continent to increase its global market share. Good relations with business support partners like Ericsson, Siemens networks and IBM makes its outsourcing quit well Companys profit and assets are increasing good rate, it is expected in year 2020 it will cross 3.09 billion turnovers. AIRTEL strong HR policies help in maintaining its corporate governance structure. AIRTEL can enter into the mobile market in India as demand is at its peak. Better customer schemes support services would make AIRTEL to capture the competitor market.